The station was opened by the West Cornwall Railway on 11 March 1852 as the terminus of its line from Redruth. A fire in 1876 destroyed the goods shed and the wooden passenger buildings were replaced by the current station in 1879 built in rock-faced granite to a design by William Lancaster Owen. The total cost was around £15,000 which included the roof which cost £5,000, for the iron and 50 tons of glass. The new platforms were used for the first time on 18 November 1879. However, the new station suffered from teething problems, as by 1880 it was reported that some settlement in the masonry and shrinkage of the iron in the roof had caused several sheets of the glazing to break. Further alterations were made in 1937 and again in 1983 when a new ticket office and buffet were opened. The blocked-up archway in the wall that retains the hillside behind the platforms was used by the railway as a coal store. Freight traffic, especially the busy fish trade, was handled in the former goods yard, where cars are now parked, adjacent to the bus station. An engine shed was also here before being moved to the opposite side of the line near the end of the retaining wall. It has since been replaced by the new Penzance TMD outside the station at Long Rock. In November 1882 there were complaints about the paving, rail tracks and the difficulty for traffic to pass on the Albert Pier. The Borough Council requested the Railway Company to replace the paving with granite setts before relaying the rails. From 1996, South West Trains operated a weekly weekend service from as an extension of its service to. This ceased in December 2009. In 2012–13 the station's roof was refurbished.
Platforms 1, 2 and 3 are within the main train shed; Platform 4 on the south side is in the open air. A large stone at the end of this platform welcomes people to Penzance in both English and Cornish. This side of the station is built on the sea wall near the harbour; the other side is cut into the hillside. There is only one bi-directional line into/out of the station as far as the station at, as the former northbound line has been used to access Penzance TMD at Long Rock since 1977.
Services
Penzance is the terminus of the Cornish Main Line. The current journey time to or from Paddington is between five and six hours. Two operators serve Penzance. Great Western Railway operate a mixture of local trains to and longer distance services to London Paddington. These include the Night Riviera overnight sleeping car service and the Golden Hind which offers an early morning service to London Paddington and an evening return. Other fast trains are the mid-morning Cornish Riviera and the afternoon Royal Duchy. Services to London Paddington during the day use IET bi-mode multiple units, but local services use Castle-class trains or and DMUs. The Night Riviera uses a Class 57 locomotive hauling Mark 3 carriages. There are a limited number of CrossCountry trains providing a service to destinations in the West Midlands and north such as, Manchester Piccadilly,, Edinburgh, and. Penzance is the terminus of the longest train service in the United Kingdom, which runs from takes about 13 and a half hours.
Passenger volume
Penzance is the second busiest station in Cornwall, being the busiest with more than twice the number of passengers compared with Penzance. Comparing the year from April 2011 to that which started in April 2002, passenger numbers increased by 48%.
2002–03
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
Entries
199,282
205,025
210,998
235,377
253,881
323,269
260,491
278,273
289,824
281,496
266,629
274,865
271,518
280,169
284,418
285,049
Exits
192,726
197,974
202,907
226,387
244,409
323,269
260,491
278,273
289,824
281,496
266,629
274,865
271,518
280,169
284,418
285,049
Interchanges
unknown
2,132
748
699
354
49
200
22
118
-
31
172
174
17
1,384
1,598
Total
392,008
405,132
414,653
462,463
498,644
646,538
521,182
556,568
579,648
562,992
533,258
549,730
543,036
560,338
568,836
570,098
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.
Bus station
Penzance bus station is situated immediately outside the station entrance; this example of transport integration arose from the Great Western Railway's operation of most of the early bus services in the area. It is served by First Kernow and National Express services. The Tourism Information Centre is located between the bus station and the railway station entrance.