1703
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Thursday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January 9 - The Jamaican town of Port Royal, a center of trade in the Western Hemisphere and, at the time, the largest city in the Caribbean, is destroyed by a fire. British ships in the harbor are able to rescue much of the merchandise that has been unloaded on the docks, but the inventory in marketplaces in town is destroyed.
- January 14 - The magnitude 6.7 Norcia earthquake affects Central Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI. With a death toll of 6,240–9,761, it is the first in a sequence of three destructive events.
- January 16 - The magnitude 6.2 Montereale earthquake causes damage at Accumoli, Armatrice, Cittareale, and Montereale, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII.
- January 30 - In Japan, Forty-seven rōnin assassinate daimyō Kira Yoshinaka, the enemy of their former lord Asano Naganori, at his own mansion as a vengeance; 46 of the 47 samurai commit seppuku, a ritual suicide on March 20.
- February - Soldiers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile, starting the tradition for Mobile, Alabama.
- February 2 - The magnitude 6.7 L'Aquila earthquake affects Central Italy, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X. In the final large event, damage occurs as far distant as Rome, with landslides, liquefaction, slope failures and 2,500–3,000 deaths.
- April 21 - The Company of Quenching of Fire is founded in Edinburgh, Scotland.
- May 26 - Portugal joins the Grand Alliance.
- May 27 - The city of Saint Petersburg, Russia is founded, following Peter the Great's reconquest of Ingria from Sweden, during the Great Northern War.
- June 15 - Hungarians rebel under Prince Francis II Rákóczi.
- June - The completed Icelandic census of 1703 is presented in the Althing, the first complete census of any country.
- June 19 - Bavarian troops, who during the so-called Bavarian Rummel had invaded Tyrol, besiege Kufstein. Fires break out on the outskirts that engulf the town, destroy it and reach the powder store of the supposedly impregnable fortress. The enormous gunpowder supplies explode and Kufstein has to surrender on 20 June. That same day the Tyrolese surrender in Wörgl; two days later Rattenberg is captured and Innsbruck is cleared without a fight on 25 June.
July–December
- July 26 - After their victories at the Pontlatzer Bridge and the Brenner Pass, Tyrolese farmers drive out the Bavarian Elector, Maximilian II Emanuel, from North Tyrol and thus prevent the Bavarian Army, which is allied with France, from marching on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession. This success, at low cost, is the signal for the rebellion of the Tyrolese against Bavaria, and Elector Maximilian II Emanuel has to flee from Innsbruck. The Bavarian Army withdraws through Seefeld in Tirol back to Bavaria.
- July 29-31 - Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory, then imprisoned for four months for the crime of seditious libel after publishing his satirical political pamphlet The Shortest Way with the Dissenters .
- August 23 - Edirne event: Sultan Mustafa II of the Ottoman Empire is dethroned.
- September 7 - War of the Spanish Succession: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard.
- September 12 - War of the Spanish Succession: Habsburg Archduke Charles is proclaimed King of Spain, but never exercises full rule.
- October - A whirlwind blows down the tower of the Gan Takal in Gondar, capital of Ethiopia, killing 30.
- November 15
- * War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Speyerbach - The French defeat a German relief army, allowing the French to take the besieged town of Landau two days later, for which Tallard is made a Marshal of France.
- * Rákóczi's War of Independence: Battle of Zvolen - The Kurucs defeat the Austrians and their allies.
- November 19 - The Man in the Iron Mask dies in the Bastille, in France.
- November 30 - Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society in London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727.
- December 7-10 - The Great Storm of 1703, an Atlantic hurricane, ravages southern England and the English Channel, killing at least 8,000, mostly at sea. The Eddystone Lighthouse off Plymouth is destroyed in the storm together with its designer Henry Winstanley.
- December 27 - Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty, which gives preference to Portuguese wines imported into England.
- December 28 - Ahmed III succeeds the deposed Mustafa II, as Ottoman Emperor.
Date unknown
- French-born imposter George Psalmanazar arrives in London.
- Between 1702 and 1703, an epidemic of smallpox breaks out in Quebec, in which 2,000-3,000 people die.
Births
January–March
- January 1 - Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde
- January 2 - George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley
- January 3 - Daniel-Charles Trudaine, French administrator and civil engineer
- January 5
- * James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton
- * Paul d'Albert de Luynes
- January 8 - André Levret, French obstetrician who practised medicine in Paris
- January 10 - Christoph Birkmann, German theologian and minister
- January 15
- * Henriette Louise de Bourbon, French princess by birth, member of the House of Bourbon
- * John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon
- * Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, German physician and naturalist
- January 20 - Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Belgian composer and violinist
- January 29 - Carlmann Kolb, German priest
- January 31 - André-Joseph Panckoucke, French author and bookseller
- February 2 - Richard Morris, Welsh writer and editor
- February 3 - Jean Philippe de Bela
- February 4
- * Jean Saas, French historian and bibliographer
- * Andrew Stone, significant figure in the British royal circle, Member of Parliament
- February 5 - Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader
- February 8
- * Corrado Giaquinto, Italian Rococo painter
- * François-Pierre Rigaud de Vaudreuil, soldier
- February 13 - Robert Dodsley
- February 27 - Lord Sidney Beauclerk
- March 1 - Philip Tisdall
- March 4 - Nicolas René Berryer, French magistrate and politician
- March 5 - Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet
- March 10 - Peter Warren, Royal Navy officer
- March 21 - Georg Andreas Sorge, organist
- March 23 - Cajsa Warg, Swedish cookbook author
April–June
- April 8 - Benoît-Joseph Boussu
- April 10 - Pierre Daubenton, French lawyer
- April 24 - José Francisco de Isla, Spanish Jesuit
- May 2 - James West, antiquary
- May 8 - Johann Gottlob Harrer, German composer and choir leader
- May 10 - John Winslow, British Army officer
- May 12 - Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen, German noblewoman
- May 14 - David Brearly, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention
- May 18
- * Jean Daullé, French engraver
- * İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi
- May 20 - René Lièvre de Besançon
- June 6 - Edmund Law, priest in the Church of England
- June 10 - Walter Butler, 16th Earl of Ormonde
- June 21 - Joseph Lieutaud, French physician
- June 24 - Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle
- June 26 - Thomas Clap, first president of Yale University
- June 28 - John Wesley, English founder of Methodism and anti-slavery activist
July–September
- July 7 - Kenrick Prescot
- July 9 - Edward Shippen III, American merchant and mayor of Philadelphia
- July 12 - Nicholas Hewetson, Anglican priest in Ireland
- July 17 - Thomas Hancock, merchant in colonial Boston
- August 2 - Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader
- August 4 - Louis, Duke of Orléans, member of the royal family of France
- August 9 - Muhammad Ibrahim, claimant to the throne of India
- August 15 - Jacob Bicker Raije, writer from the Northern Netherlands
- August 24 - François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery, colonial military leader in the French province of Canada
- August 30 - Jean-Louis Calandrini, Genevan scientist
- September 1 - Just Fabritius, Danish merchant
- September 3 - Johann Theodor of Bavaria, cardinal
- September 6 - John Harris, British landowner and politician
- September 15 - Guillaume-François Rouelle
- September 23 - Charlotte Howe, Viscountess Howe, Hanover-born British courtier and politician
- September 29
- * François Boucher, French painter
- * Baltzer Fleischer, Norwegian civil servant and county governor
- * François Fresneau de La Gataudière, French botanist and scientist
- * Philip Syng
October–December
- October 3 - Franz Christoph Janneck, Austrian painter in the Baroque style
- October 5 - Jonathan Edwards, North American revivalist preacher
- October 6 - Louis de Beaufort, French-Dutch historian known for his critical approach to the history of Rome
- October 7 - Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach, German hereditary prince
- October 13
- * Andrea Belli, Maltese architect and businessman
- * Otto Thott, Danish Count
- October 15 - Benigna Gottliebe von Trotta genannt Treyden, Duchess consort of Courland
- October 16
- * Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve, French economist
- * Henry Fane of Wormsley
- October 22 - Edward Rudge, politician
- October 23 - Sir Alexander Dick, 3rd Baronet, Scottish landowner and physician
- October 27 - Johann Gottlieb Graun, German Baroque/Classical era composer and violinist
- October 28
- * Andreas Bjørn, Danish merchant
- * Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician
- October 30 - James Hill, Scottish surgeon who advocated curative excision for cancer
- November 1 - Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish politician
- November 10 - Carlo Zuccari
- November 17 - Adam Miller, pioneer
- November 18 - Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo, Scottish army commander in Canada and Dominica during the Seven Years' War
- November 22
- * Walter Pompe, Flemish master-sculptor
- * Balthasar Riepp, German-Austrian painter
- November 23 - Louise Levesque, French femme de lettres
- November 25 - Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist
- November 26 - Theophilus Cibber, English actor and writer
- November 27 - James De Lancey
- December 2 - Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian explorer
- December 9 - Chester Moore Hall, British lawyer and inventor who produced the first achromatic lenses
- December 12 - Simon Carl Stanley, Danish sculptor of English parentage
- December 15
- * Johann Martin Boltzius, German born
- * Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Brandenburg-Kulmbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern
- December 23 - Stephen Cornwallis, career British Army officer and politician
- December 24
- * Aleksei Chirikov
- * Christen Lindencrone, Danish landowner and supercargo of the Danish Asia Company
- date unknown - Jack Broughton, English bare-knuckle fighter who produced the earliest known rules of boxing
- date unknown - Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese poet
Deaths
- January 9 - Úrsula Micaela Morata, Spanish writer
- January 11 - Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic
- January 16 - Erik Dahlbergh, Swedish engineer, soldier and field marshal
- February 15 - Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian
- February 18
- * Thomas Hyde, English orientalist
- * Ilona Zrínyi, Hungarian heroine
- February 20 - John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, British noble
- February 28 - Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Baronet of England
- March 3 - Robert Hooke, English scientist
- March 12 - Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford
- March 31 - Johann Christoph Bach, German composer
- April 1 - Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey
- April 18 - Denis Granville, English priest
- April 20 - Lancelot Addison, English royal chaplain
- May 3 - Sir Richard Grobham Howe, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament
- May 6 - John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl
- May 16 - Charles Perrault, French author
- May 26
- * Louis-Hector de Callière, French politician
- * Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist
- June 14 - Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer
- June 19 - William Stanhope, English politician
- July 17 - Roemer Vlacq I, Dutch naval captain
- July 20
- * Changning, prince during the Qing Dynasty
- * Statz Friedrich von Fullen, German-born nobleman
- August 10 - Fuquan, Chinese Qing Dynasty prince
- August 21 - Thomas Tryon, British hat maker
- September 22 - Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist
- September 25 - Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor
- September 29 - Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier
- September 30 - Walter J. Johnson, English explorer, fur trader
- October 3 - Alessandro Melani, Italian composer
- October 8 - Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa, Royal Governor of Chile
- October 11 - Roger Cave, English politician
- October 14 - Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop
- October 24 - William Burkitt, English biblical expositor, vicar in Dedham
- October 28 - John Wallis, English mathematician
- November 19 - The Man in the Iron Mask
- November 27 - Henry Winstanley, English engineer
- November 30 - Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer
- December 28 - Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan
- date unknown - Phetracha, king of Ayutthaya
- * Anastasiya Dabizha, princess of Moldavia and Wallachia and Hetmana of Ukraine.