1763

January–March

• January 27 - The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro.
• February 1 - The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Mecklenburg County from the western portion of Anson County. The county is named for Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who married George III of the United Kingdom in 1761.
• February 10 - Seven Years' War - French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends the war, and France cedes Canada to Great Britain.
• February 15 - The Treaty of Hubertusburg puts an end to the Seven Years' War between Prussia and Austria, and their allies France and Russia.
• February 23 - The Berbice Slave Uprising starts in the former Dutch colony of Berbice.
• March 1 - Charles Townshend becomes President of the Board of Trade in the British government.

  April–June

• April 6 - The Théâtre du Palais-Royal, home to the Paris Opera for almost 90 years, is destroyed in an accidental fire.
• April 16 - George Grenville takes office as the new Prime Minister of Great Britain, after the Earl of Bute resigns amid criticism over Britain's concessions in the Treaty of Paris.
• April 18 - Marie-Josephte Corriveau is hanged near her home at Saint-Vallier, Quebec, then placed on public display on orders of a British court of officers that had tried her under martial law for the murder of her husband. She becomes famous in French Quebecois folklore as "la Corriveau".
• April 19 - Teedyuscung, known as the "King of the Delaware Indians" is assassinated by arsonists who burn down his home in Pennsylvania while he is sleeping, in an apparent retaliation for signing the Treaty of Easton to relinquish Lenape claims to the Province of New Jersey.
• April 23 - The controversial Issue 45 of John Wilkes's satirical newspaper The North Briton is published as a response to a speech four days earlier by King George III praising the end of the Seven Years' War. In what will become a test case for freedom of speech, Wilkes, a member of Parliament, is arrested for libel of the King and imprisoned, then exiled to France.
• April 27 - Outraged by the British success in taking control of land in North America formerly occupied by the French, Pontiac, chief of the Odawa people, convenes a conference near Detroit and convinces the leaders of 17 other nations of the need to attack British outposts.
• May 7 - Chief Pontiac begins "Pontiac's War" by attacking the British garrison at Fort Detroit, but the surprise attack is given away by a young native girl who informs the British of the plan. Two days later he begins the Siege of Fort Detroit.
• June 2 - Pontiac's War: At what becomes Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.
• June 28 - A magnitude 6.2 earthquake shakes Hungary and Slovakia, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX. Damage is limited, but 83 are killed.

  July–September

• July 7 - The British East India Company declares Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, to be deposed.
• August 2 - Mir Qasim is routed at Odwa Nala. He flees to Patna, where he massacres the English garrison, but is subsequently defeated at Katwa, Murshidabad, Giria, Sooty, Udayanala and Munger.
• August 3 and 4 - The spectacular bankruptcies of Leendert Pieter de Neufville and Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky lead to a financial contagion and affected in the days after many merchants in Amsterdam, Hamburg, Berlin and Stockholm.
• August 5 - Pontiac's War - Battle of Bushy Run: British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run, in the Pennsylvania backcountry.
• August - Fire in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire, destroys 2,600 houses.
• September 1 - Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow.

  October–December

• October 7 - The Royal Proclamation of 1763 is issued by George III of the United Kingdom, restricting the westward expansion of British North America, and stabilizing relations with the indigenous peoples of the Americas, by barring white settlement of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• November 24 - Bayes' theorem is first announced.
• December 2 - Touro Synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island, is dedicated; by the end of the 20th century, this will be the oldest surviving synagogue in North America.
• December 14 - The Paxton Boys massacre six Conestoga Indians in their homes in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. When the 16 survivors are sheltered in the Lancaster workhouse, the Paxton Boys ride into town and kill them as well, on December 27.

  Date unknown

• Little Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire, is damaged in an earthquake.
• Joseph Haydn writes his Symphony No. 13.
• The Russo-Circassian War begins, when the Russian Empire attempts to annex Circassia.
• Brakebills University was founded.