1663
Events
January–June
- January 10 - The Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter by Charles II of England.
- February - English pirates carry out the sack of Campeche in Mexico.
- March 4 - The Prince Edward Islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam, of the Dutch ship Maerseveen, and named Dina and Maerseveen.
- March 5 - Emperor Go-Sai's reign ends, and Emperor Reigen ascends to the throne of Japan.
- March 24 - King Charles II of England issues the Charter of Carolina, establishing the Province of Carolina, and dividing it between eight Lords Proprietors.
- April 17 - The Turks declare war against Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.
- May 7 - The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, opens in London.
- June 8 - Battle of Ameixial: The Portuguese and some English auxiliaries defeat the Spanish.
July–December
- July 8 - King Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter for the American Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
- July 27 - The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.
- August 21 - Concerned about the wintry weather, the Parliament of England holds an intercessory fast.
- August 28 - Severe frost hits England.
- July-Sept - The Esopus Wars in and around Kingston, New York, against the Esopus tribe of the Delaware Indians are ended after four years by a coalition of Dutch settlers, Wappinger and Mohawk tribes.
Date unknown
- The Prix de Rome scholarship is established in France for students of the arts.
- The first Maroon community arises in Suriname.
- Robert Hooke discovers that cork is made of "tiny little rooms", which he first calls "Cells".
- Publication at Cambridge in the Massachusetts Bay Colony of the "Eliot Indian Bible" becomes the first complete Bible published in the Americas, a translation by English-born Puritan missionary John Eliot of the Geneva Bible, from English into the Massachusett language variety of the Algonquian languages.
Births
- January 13 - Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, British politician
- January 19 - Nicholas Trott, colonial magistrate, South Carolina Chief Justice
- January 20 - Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter
- January 26 - Francis Barrell, English politician
- January 27 - George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral
- February 1 - Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino religious sister
- February 4 - Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, English peer
- February 12 - Cotton Mather, American theologian
- February 22 - Louis Bossuet, French parlementaire
- February 25 - Pierre Antoine Motteux, French-born English dramatist
- March 3 - Nicolas Siret, French composer, organist and harpsichordist
- March 6 - Francis Atterbury, British bishop
- March 7 - Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian composer and violinist
- March 16 - Jean-Baptiste Matho, French composer
- March 18 - Johann Martin Steindorff, German composer
- March 22 - August Hermann Francke, German Lutheran clergyman, philanthropist, Biblical scholar
- March 25 - Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye
- March 27 - Johann Andreas Eisenbarth, German surgeon
- March 28 - Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
- March 29 - Harry Mordaunt, British politician
- April 7 - Filippo II Colonna, Italian noble
- April 10 - Francisco de Berganza, Italian Benedictine monk
- April 14 - August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, Prussian politician
- April 16 - Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg, German Catholic bishop
- May 1 - Giacomo Parolini, Italian painter
- May 2 - Joseph de Gallifet, French Jesuit priest
- May 8 - Lord James Murray, Scottish Member of Parliament
- May 17
- * Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- * Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet, English politician
- May 20 - William Bradford, English-born printer in North America
- May 25 - Johann Dientzenhofer, German architect
- May 28 - António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese Grand Master of the Order of Saint John
- June 2 - Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer, French journalist
- June 8 - Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington, British politician
- June 24 - Jean Baptiste Massillon, French Catholic bishop, famous preacher
- July 1 - Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist
- July 11 - James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, British prince
- July 15 - Sir John Cropley, 2nd Baronet, English politician
- July 26 - Peter Hohmann, Edler of Hohenthal, Leipzig merchant and town councillor, raised to nobility
- August 9 - Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany
- August 18 - Catherine Repond, alleged Swiss witch
- August 24 - Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, fifth patroon in New Netherland
- August 31 - Guillaume Amontons, French scientific instrument inventor and physicist
- September 1 - Jean Boivin the Younger, French writer
- September 16 - Johann Josua Mosengel, German organ builder
- September 20
- * Pirro Albergati, Italian composer
- * Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- * Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay, Catholic bishop of Quebec
- September 25 - Johann Nikolaus Hanff, German composer and organist
- September 28 - Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton
- October 3 - Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen, German philosopher
- October 9
- * Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber, German canon law jurist
- * Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Italian critic and poet
- October 15 - Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl
- October 17 - Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, Spanish Catholic cardinal
- October 18 - Prince Eugene of Savoy, Austrian Field Marshal
- October 23 - Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach, duchess by marriage of Württemberg-Winnental
- October 24 - Stephen Delancey, major colonial New York figure
- November 13 - Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector
- November 14 - Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German composer
- November 17 - Marie Christine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, eldest legitimate child of Françoise-Athénaïs
- November 25 - Jean-Frédéric Osterwald, Swiss Protestant pastor
- November 29 - Sir Thomas Crosse, 1st Baronet, British aristocrat, politician
- November 30 - Andrea Adami da Bolsena, Italian castrato
- December 8 - Nathan Gold, deputy colonial governor of Connecticut
- December 20 - Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man
- December 24 - Ippolita Ludovisi, Princess of Piombino
- December 27 - Johann Melchior Roos, German painter
- December 31 - Carl Wilhelm Welser von Neunhof, German merchant, politician
- date unknown -
- *William King, English poet
- * Delarivier Manley, English author
Deaths
- January 2 - Illiam Dhone, Manx politician
- January 6 - George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier, politician
- January 22 - Giancarlo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal
- January 29 - Robert Sanderson, English theologian and casuist
- January 31 - John Spelman, English politician
- February 19 - Adam Adami, German bishop, diplomat
- March 13 - Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
- March 17 - Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat and landowner
- March 20 - Biagio Marini, Italian violinist and composer
- April 5 - John Norton, American divine
- April 7 - Francis Cooke, English Mayflower Pilgrim
- April 17 - David Questiers, Dutch poet
- April 20 - Kjeld Stub, Danish priest
- April 29 - Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma
- May 3 - Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden
- May 6 - Johan van Rensselaer, Dutch noble
- May 11 - Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, Prince of France
- March 20 - Selius Marselis, Dutch/Norwegian tradesman
- May 30 - Jean Guyon, French colonist
- June 4 - William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury
- June 5 - Béatrix de Cusance, Frenc-Comtois noble woman
- June 20 - Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, French noble
- June 25 - John Bramhall, Archbishop of Armagh, Anglican controversialist
- June 26 - John Alleyn, Cornish barrister
- July 2 - Thomas Selle, German baroque composer
- July 5 - Samuel Newman, colonial Massachusetts clergyman
- July 7 - Thomas Baltzar, German violinist
- July 13 - Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet, English politician
- July 16 - William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
- July 20 - Samuel Stone, Connecticut Puritan minister
- August 10 - Edward Convers, American settler
- August 26 - Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet, English politician
- September 18 - Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint
- September 20 - Thomas Stucley, English politician
- September 27
- * Christoffer Urne, Governor General of Norway
- * Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
- October 7 - Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Homburg
- October 13 - Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau
- October 20 - Raphael Cotoner, Spanish 60th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller
- October 31 - Théophile Raynaud, French theologian
- November 24 - Louis IV of Legnica, Duke of Oława and Brzeg
- December 5 - Severo Bonini, Italian composer
- December 17 - Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
- December 21
- * Camillo Astalli, Italian cardinal
- * Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman
- December 27 - Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy
- December 28 - Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician, physicist
- date unknown - Chiara Varotari, Italian Baroque painter