Classification of Arabic languages

• Ancient North Arabian
• Old Arabic, the language of northwestern Arabia in the pre-Islamic period and its varieties:
• ** Nabataean Arabic
• * Old Hejazi
• Classical Arabic, the liturgical language of Islam which emerged in the 7th century AD
• Neo-Arabic, the descendants of spoken Old Arabic, including:
• *Colloquial Arabic
• **Western Arabic also called Maghrebi Arabic
• ***Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects
• *** Koinés
• ****Algerian Arabic
• ****Moroccan Arabic
• ****Tunisian Arabic
• ****Libyan Arabic
• ****Algerian Saharan Arabic
• ****Andalusian Arabic
• ****Siculo-Arabic
• *****Maltese
• ***Western Bedouin
• ****Hassaniyya Arabic
• ****Algerian Saharan Arabic
• ** Eastern Arabic
• ***Levantine Arabic
• **** North Levantine Arabic
• ***** Syrian Arabic
• ***** Lebanese Arabic
• **** South Levantine Arabic
• ***** Jordanian Arabic
• ***** Palestinian Arabic
• **** Cypriot Arabic
• **** Levantine Bedawi Arabic
• *** Mesopotamian Arabic
• ****Gelet
• ***** Tigris dialect Cluster
• ******Baghdadi Arabic
• ***** Euphrates dialect cluster
• ***** Khuzestani Arabic
• **** Qeltu
• ** Peninsular Arabic
• *** Gulf Arabic
• **** Kuwaiti Arabic
• **** varieties from Qatar and the UAE.
• *** Shihhi Arabic
• *** Omani Arabic
• *** Dhofari Arabic
• *** Najdi Arabic
• *** Hejazi Arabic
• **** Rashaida
• *** Bahraini Arabic
• *** Yemeni Arabic
• **** Hadhrami Arabic
• **** Sanʽani Arabic
• **** Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic
• **** Tihamiyya Arabic
• **** Somali Arabic
• **** Bareqi Arabic
• ** Central Arabic
• *** Egyptian Arabic
• *** Saʽidi Arabic
• *** Sudanese Arabic
• **** Nubi Arabic
• **** Juba Arabic
• Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized variety of the general Arabic language used since the 19th century and modernized version of the liturgical language of Islam

  Literature

• Cantineau, Jean. "La dialectologie arabe", Orbis 4:149–169.
• Fischer, Wolfdietrich, & Otto Jastrow . Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.
• Kaye, Alan S., & Judith Rosenhouse. "Arabic Dialects and Maltese", The Semitic Languages. Ed. Robert Hetzron. New York: Routledge. Pages 263–311.
• Lozachmeur, H.,,. Presence arabe dans le croissant fertile avant l'Hegire Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations.
• Macdonald, M.C.A.,. "Reflections on the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia" Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 11, 28–79
• Scagliarini, F., . "The Dedanitic inscriptions from Jabal 'Ikma in north-western Hejaz" Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 29, 143–150
• Sobelman, H., . Arabic Dialect Studies, Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics and the Middle East Institute.
• Winnett, F.V. & Reed, W.L.. Ancient Records from North Arabia, Toronto: University of Toronto