List of inventors

Alphabetical list

A

• Vitaly Abalakov, Russia – camming devices, Abalakov thread gearless ice climbing anchor
• Ernst Karl Abbe, Germany – Condenser, apochromatic lens, refractometer
• Hovannes Adamian, USSR/Russia – tricolor principle of the color television
• Samuel W. Alderson, U.S. – Crash test dummy
• Alexandre Alexeieff, Russia/France – Pinscreen animation
• Rostislav Alexeyev, Russia/USSR – Ekranoplan
• Randi Altschul, U.S. – Disposable cellphone
• Bruce Ames, U.S.– Ames test
• Giovanni Battista Amici, Italy – Dipleidoscope, Amici prism
• Ruth Amos, British – StairSteady
• Mary Anderson, United States – windshield wiper blade
• Momofuku Ando, Japan – Instant noodles
• Hal Anger, U.S. – Well counter, gamma camera
• Anders Knutsson Ångström, Sweden – Pyranometer
• Ottomar Anschütz, Germany – single-curtain focal-plane shutter, electrotachyscope
• Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe, Germany – Gyrocompass
• Virginia Apgar, U.S. – Apgar score
• Nicolas Appert, France – canning using glass bottles, see also Peter Durand
• Archimedes, Greece – Archimedes' screw
• Guido of Arezzo, Italy – Guidonian hand, musical notation, see also staff
• Ami Argand, France – Argand lamp
• William George Armstrong, UK – hydraulic accumulator
• Neil Arnott, UK – waterbed
• Terry Keith Ashwin, South Africa – Link-It
• Joseph Aspdin, UK – Portland cement
• John Vincent Atanasoff, Bulgaria/U.S. – electronic digital computer

  B

• Charles Babbage, UK – Analytical engine
• Tabitha Babbit, U.S. – Saw mill circular saw
• Victor Babeș, Romania – Babesia, the founder of serum therapy
• Leo Baekeland, Belgian–American – Velox photographic paper and Bakelite
• Ralph H. Baer, German born American – video game console
• Adolf von Baeyer, Germany – Fluorescein, synthetic Indigo dye, Phenolphthalein
• John Logie Baird, Scotland – an electromechanical television, electronic color television
• Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia/Iran – mechanical geared astrolabe with lunisolar calendar
• George Ballas, U.S. – String trimmer
• Frederick Banting, Canada – Insulin
• Vladimir Baranov-Rossine, Russia/France – Optophonic Piano
• John Barber, UK – gas turbine
• John Bardeen, U.S. – co-inventor of the transistor, with Brattain and Schockley
• Vladimir Barmin, Russia – first rocket launch complex
• Anthony R. Barringer, Canada/U.S. – INPUT airborne electromagnetic system
• Earl W. Bascom, Canada/U.S. – rodeo bucking chute, rodeo bronc saddle, rodeo bareback rigging, rodeo riding chaps
• Nikolay Basov, Russia – co-inventor of laser and maser
• Émile Baudot, France – Baudot code
• Eugen Baumann, Germany – PVC
• Trevor Baylis, UK – a wind-up radio
• Maria Beasley, U.S. – barrel-hooping machine, improved life raft
• Francis Beaufort, Ireland/UK – Beaufort scale, Beaufort cipher
• Arnold O. Beckman, U.S. – electric pH meter
• Vladimir Bekhterev, Russia – Bekhterev's Mixture
• Josip Belušić, Croatia – electric speedometer
• Alexander Graham Bell, UK, Canada, and U.S. – telephone
• Nikolay Benardos, Russian Empire – arc welding
• Ruth R. Benerito, U.S. – Permanent press
• Miriam Benjamin, Washington, D.C. – Gong and signal chair
• William R. Bennett Jr., together with Ali Javan, U.S./Iran – Gas laser
• Melitta Bentz, Germany – paper Coffee filter
• Karl Benz, Germany – the petrol-powered automobile
• Hans Berger, Germany – first human EEG and its development
• Friedrich Bergius, Germany – Bergius process
• Emile Berliner, Germany and U.S. – the disc record gramophone
• Tim Berners-Lee, UK – with Robert Cailliau, the World Wide Web
• Marcellin Berthelot, France – Berthelot's reagent
• Heinrich Bertsch, Germany – first fully synthetic laundry detergent "Fewa"
• Charles Best, Canada – Insulin
• Max Bielschowsky, Germany – Bielschowsky stain
• Alfred Binet, France – with his student Théodore Simon, first practical Intelligence test
• Lucio Bini, together with Ugo Cerletti, Italy – Electroconvulsive therapy
• Gerd Binnig, with Christoph Gerber, Calvin Quate and Heinrich Rohrer, Germany/Switzerland/U.S. – Atomic force microscope and Scanning tunneling microscope
• Clarence Birdseye, U.S. – Flash freezing
• László Bíró, Hungary – Ballpoint pen
• Thor Bjørklund, Norway – Cheese slicer
• J. Stuart Blackton, U.S. – Stop-motion film
• Otto Blathy, Hungary – co-inventor of the transformer, wattmeter, alternating current and turbogenerator
• John Blenkinsop, UK – Blenkinsop rack railway system
• Charles K. Bliss, Austro-Hungary/Australia – Blissymbols
• Katharine B. Blodgett, UK – nonreflective glass
• Alan Blumlein, UK – stereo
• David Boggs, U.S. – Ethernet
• Nils Bohlin, Sweden – the three-point seat belt
• Charlie Booth, Australia – Starting blocks
• Sam Born, Russia/U.S. – lollipop-making machine
• Jagdish Chandra Bose, India – Crescograph
• Matthew Piers Watt Boulton, UK – aileron
• Seth Boyden, U.S. – nail-making machine
• Herbert Boyer, together with Paul Berg, and Stanley Norman Cohen, U.S. – created first Genetically modified organism
• Willard Boyle, together with George E. Smith, U.S. – Charge-coupled device
• Hugh Bradner, U.S. – Wetsuit
• Louis Braille, France – Braille writing system, Braille musical notation
• Jacques E. Brandenberger, Switzerland – Cellophane
• Édouard Branly, France – Coherer
• Charles F. Brannock, U.S. – Brannock Device
• Walter Houser Brattain, U.S.– co-inventor of the transistor
• Karl Ferdinand Braun, Germany – cathode-ray tube oscilloscope
• Stanislav Brebera, Czech Republic – Semtex explosive
• David Brewster, United Kingdom – Kaleidoscope
• Rachel Fuller Brown, U.S. – Nystatin, the world's first antifungal antibiotic
• William C. Brown, U.S. – Crossed-field amplifier
• Marie Van Brittan Brown, U.S. – home security system
• Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn, Germany – Taximeter
• Nikolay Brusentsov, USSR, Russia – ternary computer
• Dudley Allen Buck, U.S. – Cryotron, content-addressable memory
• Edwin Beard Budding, UK – lawnmower
• Gersh Budker, Russia – electron cooling, co-inventor of collider
• Edward Bull, England – Bull engine
• Robert Bunsen, Germany – Bunsen burner
• Henry Burden Scotland and U.S. – Horseshoe machine, first usable iron railroad spike

  C

• Robert Cailliau, Belgium – with Tim Berners-Lee, the World Wide Web
• Edward A. Calahan, U.S. – Stock ticker tape
• Nicholas Callan, Ireland – Induction coil
• Tullio Campagnolo, Italy – Quick release skewer
• Charles Cantor, U.S. – Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
• Mario Ramberg Capecchi, together with Sir Martin John Evans, and Oliver Smithies, U.S. – Gene targeting
• Arturo Caprotti, Italy – Caprotti valve gear
• Gerolamo Cardano, Italy – Cardan grille
• Philip Cardew, UK – Hot-wire galvanometer
• Chester Carlson, U.S. – Xerographic copier
• Wallace Carothers, U.S. – Nylon and Neoprene
• Antonio Benedetto Carpano, Italy – Vermouth
• Giovanni Caselli, Italy/France – Pantelegraph
• George Cayley, UK – tension-spoke wheels
• Anders Celsius, Sweden – Celsius temperature scale
• Vint Cerf, together with Bob Kahn, U.S. – Internet Protocol
• Ugo Cerletti, together with Lucio Bini, Italy – Electroconvulsive therapy
• Charles Chamberland, France – Chamberland filter
• Min Chueh Chang, together with Gregory Goodwin Pincus, U.S./China – Combined oral contraceptive pill
• Thomas Chang, Canada/China – Artificial cell
• Emmett Chapman, US – Chapman Stick
• Claude Chappe, France – Semaphore line
• David Chaum, U.S. – Digital signatures, ecash
• Vladimir Chelomey, USSR– First space station
• Pavel Cherenkov, USSR – Cherenkov detector
• Evgeniy Chertovsky, Russia – pressure suit
• Ward Christensen, U.S. – Bulletin board system
• Ole Kirk Christiansen, Denmark – Creator of Lego
• Samuel Hunter Christie, UK – Wheatstone bridge
• Juan de la Cierva, Spain – the autogyro
• Charles Clagget, UK – Improvements for musical instruments
• Leland Clark, U.S. – Clark electrode
• Georges Claude, France – neon lamp
• Henri Marie Coandă, Romania – Coandă effect
• Josephine Cochrane, U.S. – dishwasher
• Christopher Cockerell, UK – Hovercraft
• Aeneas Coffey, Ireland – Coffey still
• Sir Henry Cole, UK – Christmas card
• Samuel Colt, U.S. – Revolver development
• Sir William Congreve, UK – Congreve rocket
• George Constantinescu, Romania – creator of the theory of sonics, a new branch of continuum mechanics
• Albert Coons, U.S. – Immunofluorescence
• Martin Cooper, U.S. – Mobile phone
• Harry Coover, U.S. – Super Glue
• Lloyd Groff Copeman, U.S. – Electric stove
• Cornelis Corneliszoon, The Netherlands – wind powered sawmill
• Alexander Coucoulas, U.S. – Thermosonic bonding
• Wallace H. Coulter, U.S. – Coulter principle
• Jacques Cousteau, France – co-inventor of the aqualung and the Nikonos underwater camera
• John "Jack" Higson Cover Jr., U.S. – Taser
• William Crookes, UK – Crookes radiometer, Crookes tube
• Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italy – piano
• S. Scott Crump, U.S. – Fused deposition modeling
• Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, France – First steam-powered road vehicle
• William Cullen, UK – First artificial refrigerator
• Jan Czochralski, Poland / Germany – Czochralski process

  D

• Nils Gustaf Dalén, Sweden – AGA cooker, Dalén light, Agamassan, Sun valve for lighthouses and buoys
• John Frederic Daniell, United Kingdom – Daniell cell
• Corradino D'Ascanio, Italy – Vespa scooter
• Leonardo da Vinci, Italy – helicopter, tanks, and parachutes for safety
• Jacob Davis, U.S. – Riveted jeans
• Humphry Davy, UK – Davy miners lamp
• Joseph Day, UK – the crankcase-compression two-stroke engine
• Lee DeForest, U.S. – Phonofilm, triode
• Fe del Mundo, Philippines – non-electric incubator
• Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk, Russia – 3D holography
• Robert H. Dennard, U.S. – Dynamic random-access memory
• Miksa Deri, Hungary – co-inventor of an improved closed-core transformer
• James Dewar, UK – Thermos flask
• Aleksandr Dianin, Russia – Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound
• William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, UK – motion picture camera
• Philip Diehl, U.S. – Ceiling fan
• Rudolf Diesel, Germany – Diesel engine
• William H. Dobelle, United States – Dobelle Eye
• Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, Germany – Döbereiner's lamp
• Toshitada Doi, Japan, together with Joop Sinjou, Netherlands – Compact disc
• Ray Dolby, U.S. – Dolby noise-reduction system
• Gene Dolgoff, U.S. – LCD projector
• Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Poland/Russia – three-phase electric power
• Marion O'Brien Donovan, U.S. – Waterproof diaper
• Hub van Doorne, Netherlands, Variomatic continuously variable transmission
• John Thompson Dorrance, U.S. – Condensed soup
• Amanda Minnie Douglas, writer and inventor
• Charles Dow, U.S. – Dow Jones Industrial Average
• Mulalo Doyoyo, South Africa/U.S. – Cenocell – cementless concrete
• Anastase Dragomir, Romania – Ejection seat
• Karl Drais, Germany – dandy horse, Draisine
• Richard Drew, U.S. – Masking tape
• John Boyd Dunlop, UK – first practical pneumatic tyre
• Cyril Duquet, Canada – Telephone handset
• Alexey Dushkin, Russia – deep column station
• James Dyson, UK – Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, incorporating the principles of cyclonic separation.

  E

• George Eastman, U.S. – roll film
• J. Presper Eckert, U.S. – ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer
• Thomas Alva Edison, U.S. – phonograph, commercially practical incandescent light bulb, etc.
• Pehr Victor Edman, Sweden – Edman degradation for Protein sequencing
• Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards, United Kingdom – In vitro fertilisation
• Ellen Eglin, U.S. – Clothes wringer
• Brendan Eich, U.S. – JavaScript
• Willem Einthoven, The Netherlands – the electrocardiogram
• Benjamin Eisenstadt, U.S. – Sugar packet
• Paul Eisler, Austria/U.S. – Printed circuit board
• Giorgi Eliava, together with Félix d'Herelle, France / Georgia – Phage therapy
• Ivan Elmanov, Russia – first monorail
• Rune Elmqvist, Sweden – implantable pacemaker
• John Haven Emerson, U.S. – iron lung
• Douglas Engelbart, U.S. – the computer mouse
• John Ericsson, Sweden – the two screw-propeller
• Emil Erlenmeyer, Germany – Erlenmeyer flask
• Sir Martin John Evans, together with Mario Ramberg Capecchi, and Oliver Smithies, U.S. – Knockout mouse, Gene targeting
• Ole Evinrude, Norway – outboard motor

  F

• Charles Fabry, together with Alfred Perot, France – Fabry–Pérot interferometer
• Samuel Face, U.S. – concrete flatness/levelness technology; Lightning Switch
• Federico Faggin, Italy – microprocessor
• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, The Netherlands – Fahrenheit temperature scale, Mercury-in-glass thermometer
• Michael Faraday, UK – electric transformer, electric motor
• Johann Maria Farina, Germany; Eau de Cologne
• Myra Juliet Farrell, Australia – stitchless button, Press stud
• Philo Farnsworth, U.S. – electronic television
• Muhammad al-Fazari, Persia – astrolabe
• John Bennett Fenn, U.S. – Electrospray ionization
• Henry John Horstman Fenton, UK – Fenton's reagent
• James Fergason, U.S. – improved liquid crystal display
• Enrico Fermi, Italy – nuclear reactor
• Humberto Fernández-Morán, Venezuela – Diamond scalpel, Ultra microtome
• Michele Ferrero, Italy – Kinder Surprise = Kinder Eggs, Nutella
• Bran Ferren, U.S. – Pinch-to-zoom, together with Daniel Hillis
• Reginald Fessenden, Canada – two-way radio
• Robert Feulgen, Germany – Feulgen stain
• Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick, Germany – contact lens
• Abbas Ibn Firnas, Al-Andalus – fused quartz and silica glass, metronome
• Artur Fischer Germany – fasteners including fischertechnik.
• Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, together with Hans Schrader, Germany – Fischer assay
• Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, together with Hans Tropsch, Germany – Fischer–Tropsch process
• Gerhard Fischer, Germany/U.S. – hand-held metal detector
• Paul C. Fisher, U.S. – Space Pen
• Alexander Fleming, Scotland – Penicillin
• John Ambrose Fleming, UK – Vacuum diode
• Sandford Fleming, Canada – Universal Standard Time
• Nicolas Florine, Georgia/Russia/Belgium – first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely
• Tommy Flowers, UK – Colossus an early electronic computer.
• Thomas J. Fogarty, U.S. – Embolectomy catheter
• Enrico Forlanini, Italy – Steam helicopter, hydrofoil, Forlanini airships
• Eric Fossum, U.S. – intra-pixel charge transfer in CMOS image sensors
• Jean Bernard Léon Foucault, France – Foucault pendulum, gyroscope, eddy current
• Benoît Fourneyron, France – water turbine
• John Fowler, UK – steam-driven ploughing engine
• Benjamin Franklin, U.S. – the pointed lightning rod conductor, bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, the glass harmonica
• Herman Frasch, Germany / U.S. – Frasch process, Paraffin wax purification
• Ian Hector Frazer, together with Jian Zhou, U.S./China – HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
• Augustin-Jean Fresnel, France – Fresnel lens
• William Friese-Greene, UK – cinematography
• Julius Fromm, Germany – first seamless Condom
• Arthur Fry, U.S. – Post-it note
• Buckminster Fuller, U.S. – geodesic dome
• C. W. Fuller, U.S. – Gilhoolie
• Robert Fulton, United States – first commercially successful steamboat, first practical submarine
• Ivan Fyodorov, Russia/Poland–Lithuania – invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia
• Svyatoslav Fyodorov, Russia – radial keratotomy
• Vladimir Fyodorov, Russia – Fedorov Avtomat

  G

• Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-British – holography
• Boris Borisovich Galitzine, Russia – electromagnetic seismograph
• Joseph G. Gall, U.S. – In situ hybridization
• Alfred William Gallagher, New Zealand – Electric fence for farmers
• Dmitri Garbuzov, Russia/U.S. – continuous-wave-operating diode lasers, high-power diode lasers
• Elmer R. Gates, U.S. – foam fire extinguisher, electric loom mechanisms, magnetic & diamagnetic separators, educational toy *
• Richard J. Gatling, U.S. – wheat drill, first successful machine gun
• Georgy Gause, Russia – gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibiotics
• E. K. Gauzen, Russia – three bolt equipment
• Norman Gaylord, U.S. – rigid gas-permeable contact lens
• Karl-Hermann Geib, Germany / USSR – Girdler sulfide process
• Hans Wilhelm Geiger, Germany – Geiger counter
• Andrey Geim, Russia/United Kingdom – graphene
• Nestor Genko, Russia – Genko's Forest Belt
• Christoph Gerber, with Calvin Quate, and with Gerd Binnig, Germany/U.S./Switzerland – Atomic force microscope
• Friedrich Clemens Gerke, Germany – current international Morse code
• David Gestetner, Austria-Hungary / UK – Gestetner copier
• Alberto Gianni, Italy – Torretta butoscopica
• John Heysham Gibbon, U.S. – Heart-lung machine
• Gustav Giemsa, Germany – Giemsa stain
• Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen, Austria – Giesl ejector
• Henri Giffard, France – powered airship, injector
• David J. Gingery, USA
• Donald A. Glaser, U.S. – Bubble chamber
• Joseph Glass, England – chimney-sweeping apparatus
• Valentyn Glushko, Russia – hypergolic propellant, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines
• Heinrich Göbel, Germany – incandescent lamp
• Leonid Gobyato, Russia – man-portable mortar
• Robert Goddard, U.S. – liquid fuel rocket
• Sam Golden, together with Leonard Bocour, U.S. – Acrylic paint
• Peter Carl Goldmark, Hungary – vinyl record, CBS color television
• Camillo Golgi, Italy – Golgi's method
• György Gömöri, Hungary / U.S. – Gömöri trichrome stain, Gömöri methenamine silver stain
• Lewis Gompertz, UK – expanding chuck, improved velocipede
• Charles Goodyear, U.S. – vulcanization of rubber
• Praveen Kumar Gorakavi, India – low-cost Braille Typewriter
• Robert W. Gore, United States – Gore-Tex
• Igor Gorynin, Russia – weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels
• James Gosling, U.S. – Java
• Gordon Gould, U.S. – Laser, see also Theodore Maiman
• Richard Hall Gower, UK – ship's hull and rigging
• Boris Grabovsky, Russia – cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube
• Bette Nesmith Graham, U.S. – Correction fluid, Liquid Paper
• Hans Christian Gram, Denmark / Germany – Gram staining
• Zénobe Gramme, Belgium/France – Gramme dynamo
• Temple Grandin, Inventor of the squeeze machine and humane abattoirs.
• Michael Grätzel, Germany/Switzerland– Dye-sensitized solar cell
• James Henry Greathead, South Africa – tunnel boring machine, tunnelling shield technique
• Chester Greenwood, U.S. – thermal earmuffs
• Lori Greiner, U.S. – Silver Safekeeper anti-tarnish lining and multiple consumer products, 120 US and foreign patents
• James Gregory, Scotland – Gregorian telescope
• William Griggs, England – a process of photolithography
• William Robert Grove, Wales – fuel cell
• Gustav Guanella, Switzerland – DSSS, Guanella-Balun
• Otto von Guericke, Germany – vacuum pump, manometer, dasymeter
• Mikhail Gurevich, Russia – MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21
• Goldsworthy Gurney, England – Gurney Stove
• Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Brazil – early air balloons
• Johann Gutenberg, Germany – movable type printing press
• Samuel Guthrie , U.S. – discovered chloroform

  H

• Fritz Haber, Germany – Haber process
• John Hadley, UK – Octant
• Waldemar Haffkine, Russia/Switzerland – first anti-cholera and anti-plague vaccines
• Gunther von Hagens, Germany – whole body Plastination
• Charles Hall, U.S. – aluminum production
• Robert N. Hall, U.S. – Semiconductor laser
• Tracy Hall, U.S. – synthetic diamond
• Nicholas Halse, England – malt kiln
• Richard Hamming, U.S. – Hamming code
• John Hays Hammond Jr., U.S. – radio control
• Ruth Handler, U.S. – Barbie doll
• James Hargreaves, UK – spinning jenny
• John Harington, UK – the flush toilet
• William Snow Harris, United Kingdom – much improved naval Lightning rods
• John Harrison, UK – marine chronometer
• Ross Granville Harrison, U.S. – first successful animal Tissue culture, Cell culture
• Kazuo Hashimoto, Japan – Caller-ID, answering machine
• Victor Hasselblad, Sweden – invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera
• Ibn al-Haytham , Iraq – camera obscura, pinhole camera, magnifying glass
• George H. Heilmeier, U.S. – liquid crystal display
• Henry Heimlich, U.S. – Heimlich maneuver
• Robert A. Heinlein, U.S. – waterbed
• Jozef Karol Hell, Slovakia – the water pillar
• Rudolf Hell, Germany – the Hellschreiber
• Hermann von Helmholtz, Germany – Helmholtz pitch notation, Helmholtz resonator, ophthalmoscope
• Zhang Heng, China – Seismometer, first hydraulic-powered armillary sphere
• Beulah Louise Henry, U.S. – bobbin-free sewing machine, vacuum ice cream freezer
• Charles H. Henry, U.S. – Quantum well laser
• Joseph Henry, Scotland/U.S. – electromagnetic relay
• Félix d'Herelle, together with Giorgi Eliava, France / Georgia – Phage therapy
• Heron, Roman Egypt – usually credited with invention of the aeolipile, although it may have been described a century earlier
• John Herschel, UK – photographic fixer, actinometer
• Harry Houdini U.S. – flight time illusion
• Heinrich Hertz, Germany – radio telegraphy, electromagnetic radiation
• Ephraim Hertzano, Roumania / Israel – Rummikub
• Lasse Hessel, Denmark – Female condom
• George de Hevesy, Hungary – radioactive tracer
• Ronald Price Hickman, U.S. – designed the original Lotus Elan, the Lotus Elan +2 and the Lotus Europa, as well as the Black & Decker Workmate
• Rowland Hill, UK – postage stamp
• Maurice Hilleman – vaccines against childhood diseases
• Tanaka Hisashige, Japan – Myriad year clock
• Ted Hoff, U.S. – microprocessor
• Felix Hoffmann , Germany – Aspirin
• Albert Hofmann, Switzerland – LSD
• Kotaro Honda, Japan – KS steel
• Huang Hongjia, China – Single-mode optical fiber.
• Herman Hollerith, U.S. – recording data on a machine readable medium, tabulator, punched cards
• Nick Holonyak, U.S. – LED
• Norman Holter, U.S. – Holter monitor
• Robert Hooke, UK – balance wheel, iris diaphragm, acoustic telephone
• Erna Schneider Hoover, U.S. – computerized telephone switching system
• Grace Murray Hopper, U.S. – Compiler
• Frank Hornby, UK – invented Meccano
• Jimmy Hotz, U.S. – Hotz MIDI Translator, Atari Hotz Box
• Royal Earl House, U.S. – first Printing telegraph
• Coenraad Johannes van Houten, Netherlands – cocoa powder, cacao butter, chocolate milk
• Elias Howe, U.S. – sewing machine
• David Edward Hughes, UK – printing telegraph
• Chuck Hull, U.S. – 3D printer
• Troy Hurtubise, Canada – Trojan Ballistics Suit of Armor, Ursus suit, Firepaste, Angel Light
• Miller Reese Hutchison, U.S. – Klaxon, electric hearing aid
• Christiaan Huygens, Netherlands – pendulum clock
• John Wesley Hyatt, U.S. – celluloid manufacturing.

  I

• Gavriil Ilizarov, Russia – Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis
• Mamoru Imura, Japan – RFIQin
• Daisuke Inoue, Japan – Karaoke machine
• János Irinyi, Hungary – noiseless match
• Ub Iwerks, U. S. – Multiplane camera for animation

  J

• Moritz von Jacobi, Germany/Russia – electrotyping, electric boat
• Rudolf Jaenisch, Germany/U.S. – first Genetically modified mouse
• Karl Guthe Jansky, U.S. – radio telescope
• Karl Jatho, Germany – aeroplane
• Ali Javan, together with William R. Bennett Jr., Iran/U.S. – Gas laser
• Al-Jazari, Iraq – crank-driven and hydropowered saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock, weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suction pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmable humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting, molding sand, intermittency, linkage
• Ibn Al-Jazzar , Tunisia – sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction treatment drugs
• Ányos Jedlik, Hungary – Jedlik dynamo
• Alec John Jeffreys, United Kingdom – DNA profiling
• Charles Francis Jenkins, U.S. – television and movie projector
• Steve Jobs, U.S. – Apple Macintosh computer, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other devices, software operating systems and applications.
• Amos Edward Joel Jr. U.S. – electrical engineer, known for several contributions and over seventy patents related to telecommunications switching systems
• Carl Edvard Johansson, Sweden – Gauge blocks
• Johan Petter Johansson, Sweden – Pipe wrench and adjustable spanner
• Reynold B. Johnson, U.S. – Hard disk drive
• Philipp von Jolly, Germany – Jolly balance
• Scott A. Jones, U.S. – created one of the most successful versions of voicemail as well as ChaCha Search, a human-assisted internet search engine
• Tom Parry Jones, United Kingdom – first electronic Breathalyzer
• Assen Jordanoff, Bulgaria – airbag
• Marc Jorgenson, Canada, engineer, inventor and musician
• Anatol Josepho, patented the first coin-operated photo booth called the "Photomaton" in 1925.
• Marjorie Joyner, U.S. – Permanent wave machine
• Whitcomb Judson, U.S. – zipper
• Percy Lavon Julian, U.S. – chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants
• Ma Jun, China – south-pointing chariot, mechanical puppet theater, chain pumps, improved silk looms

  K

• Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russia – AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles
• Bob Kahn, together with Vint Cerf, U.S. – Internet Protocol
• Dawon Kahng, South Korea, together with Simon Sze, Taiwan/U.S. – Floating-gate MOSFET
• Dean Kamen, U.S. – Invented the Segway HT scooter and the IBOT Mobility Device
• Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Netherlands – liquid helium
• Nikolay Kamov, Russia – armored battle autogyro, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters
• Pyotr Kapitsa, Russia – first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions
• Georgii Karpechenko, Russia – rabbage
• Jamshīd al-Kāshī, Persia/Iran – plate of conjunctions, analog planetary computer
• Eugene Kaspersky, Russia – Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus products
• Andrew Kay, U.S. – Digital voltmeter
• Adolphe Kégresse, France/Russia – Kégresse track, dual-clutch transmission
• Carl D. Keith, together with John J. Mooney, U.S. – three way catalytic converter
• Mstislav Keldysh, Latvia/Russia – co-developer of Sputnik 1 together with Korolyov and Tikhonravov
• John Harvey Kellogg, cornflake breakfasts
• John G. Kemeny, together with Thomas E. Kurtz, Hungary/U.S. – BASIC
• Alexander Kemurdzhian, Russia – first space exploration rover
• Mary Kenner, U.S. – sanitary belt
• William Saville-Kent, UK/Australia – Pearl culture, see also Mikimoto Kōkichi
• Kerim Kerimov, Azerbaijan and Russia – co-developer of human spaceflight, space dock, space station
• Charles F. Kettering, U.S. – invented automobile self-starter ignition, Freon ethyl gasoline and more
• Fazlur Khan, Bangladesh – structural systems for high-rise skyscrapers
• Yulii Khariton, Russia – chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomba
• Anatoly Kharlampiyev, Russia – Sambo
• Al-Khazini, Persia/Iran – hydrostatic balance
• Konstantin Khrenov, Russia – underwater welding
• Abu-Mahmud Khojandi, Persia/Iran – astronomical sextant
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi , Persia/Iran – modern algebra, mural instrument, horary quadrant, Sine quadrant, shadow square
• Marcel Kiepach, Croatia – dynamo, maritime compass that indicates north regardless of the presence of iron or magnetic forces
• Erhard Kietz, Germany & U.S. – signal improvements for video transmissions
• Jack Kilby, U.S. – patented the first integrated circuit
• Al-Kindi , Iraq/Yemen – unambiguously described the distillation of wine in the 9th century, cryptanalysis, frequency analysis
• Petrus Jacobus Kipp, The Netherlands – Kipp's apparatus
• Steve Kirsch, U.S. – Optical mouse
• Fritz Klatte, Germany – vinyl chloride, forerunner to polyvinyl chloride
• Yves Klein, France – International Klein Blue
• Margaret E. Knight, U.S. – machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags
• Tom Knight, U.S. – BioBricks
• Ivan Knunyants, Armenia/Russia – capron, Nylon 6, polyamide-6
• Robert Koch, Germany – method for culturing bacteria on solid media
• Willem Johan Kolff, Netherlands – artificial kidney hemodialysis machine
• Rudolf Kompfner, U.S. – Traveling-wave tube
• Konstantin Konstantinov, Russia – device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine
• Sergei Korolev, USSR – first successful intercontinental ballistic missile, R-7 rocket family, Sputniks, Vostok program
• Nikolai Korotkov, Russian Empire – auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement
• Semyon Korsakov, Russian Empire – punched card for information storage
• Mikhail Koshkin, Russia – T-34 medium tank, the best and most produced tank of World War II
• Ognjeslav Kostović, Serbia/Russia – arborite
• Gleb Kotelnikov, Russia – knapsack parachute, drogue parachute
• William Justin Kroll, Luxemburg/U.S. – Kroll process
• Alfred Krupa, Yugoslavia - the modern wheeled suitcase, a glass-bottom boat, the skis for use in walking on water, a folding canvas catamaran
• Aleksey Krylov, Russia – gyroscopic damping of ships
• Ivan Kulibin, Russia – egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, a self-rolling carriage featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing, an early optical telegraph
• Shen Kuo, China – improved gnomon, armillary sphere, clepsydra, and sighting tube
• Igor Kurchatov, Russia – first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships
• Thomas E. Kurtz, together with John G. Kemeny, U.S./Hungary – BASIC
• Raymond Kurzweil, Optical character recognition; flatbed scanner
• Ken Kutaragi, Japan – PlayStation
• Stephanie Kwolek, U.S. – Kevlar
• John Howard Kyan, Ireland – The process of Kyanization used for wood preservation

  L

• Dmitry Lachinov, Russia – mercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, electrolyser
• René Laennec, France – stethoscope
• Georges Lakhovsky, Russia/U.S. – Multiple Wave Oscillator
• Hedy Lamarr, Austria and U.S. – Spread spectrum radio
• Edwin H. Land, U.S. – Polaroid polarizing filters and the Land Camera
• Samuel P. Langley, U.S. – bolometer
• Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin, Russia – incandescent lamp
• Irving Langmuir, U.S. – gas filled incandescent light bulb, hydrogen welding
• Norm Larsen, U.S. – WD-40
• Lewis Latimer, U.S. – improved carbon-filament light bulb
• Gustav de Laval, Sweden – invented the milk separator and the milking machine
• Semyon Lavochkin, Russia – La-series aircraft, first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut
• John Bennet Lawes, UK – superphosphate or chemical fertilizer
• Ernest Orlando Lawrence, U.S. – Cyclotron
• Nikolai Lebedenko, Russia – Tsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in history
• Sergei Lebedev, Russia – commercially viable synthetic rubber
• William Lee, UK – Stocking frame knitting machine
• Edward Leedskalnin, U.S. – construction techniques used to single-handedly lift massive coral blocks in the creation of his Coral Castle
• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands – development of the microscope
• Jerome H. Lemelson, U.S. – Inventions in the fields in which he patented make possible, wholly or in part, innovations like automated warehouses, industrial robots, cordless telephones, fax machines, videocassette recorders, camcorders, and the magnetic tape drive used in Sony's Walkman tape players.
• Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir, Belgium – internal combustion engine, motorboat
• Giacomo da Lentini, Italy – Sonnet
• R. G. LeTourneau, U.S. – electric wheel, motor scraper, mobile oil drilling platform, bulldozer, cable control unit for scrapers
• Rasmus Lerdorf, Greenland/Canada – PHP
• Willard Frank Libby, U.S. – radiocarbon dating
• Justus von Liebig, Germany – nitrogen-based fertilizer
• Hon Lik, Chinese. electronic cigarette
• Otto Lilienthal, Germany – hang glider
• Lin Yutang, China/U.S. – Chinese language typewriter
• Charles Lindbergh, U.S. – organ perfusion pump
• Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist, Sweden – Kerosene stove operated by compressed air
• Carl Linnaeus, Sweden – formal Binomial nomenclature for living organisms, Horologium Florae
• Hans Lippershey, The Netherlands – associated with the appearance of the telescope
• Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann, France – Lippmann plate, Integral imaging, Lippmann electrometer
• Lisitsyn brothers, Ivan Fyodorovich and Nazar Fyodorovich, Russia – samovar
• William Howard Livens, UK – chemical warfare – Livens Projector
• Eduard Locher, Switzerland – Locher rack railway system
• Fredrik Ljungström and Birger Ljungström, Sweden - Ljungström turbine, Ljungström air preheater, Ljungström method
• Alexander Lodygin, Russia – electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament
• Mikhail Lomonosov, Russia – night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, re-invented smalt
• Yury Lomonosov, Russia/United Kingdom – first successful mainline diesel locomotive
• Aleksandr Loran, Russia – fire fighting foam, foam extinguisher
• Oleg Losev, Russia – light-emitting diode, crystadine
• Antoine Louis, France – Guillotine
• Archibald Low, Britain – Pioneer of radio guidance systems
• Ed Lowe, U.S. – Cat litter
• Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy, Russia – Buran, Spiral project
• Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Poland – Kerosene lamp
• Auguste and Louis Lumière, France – Cinématographe
• Cai Lun, 蔡倫, China – paper
• Giovanni Luppis or Ivan Vukić, Austrian Empire – self-propelled torpedo
• Richard F. Lyon, U.S. – Optical mouse
• Arkhip Lyulka, Russia – first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines

  M

• Charles Macintosh, Scotland – waterproof raincoat, life vest
• Theodore Maiman, U.S. – Laser, see also Gordon Gould
• Ahmed Majan, UAE – instrumented racehorse saddle and others
• Aleksandr Makarov, Russia/Germany – Orbitrap mass spectrometer
• Stepan Makarov, Russia – Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice
• Victor Makeev, Russia – first submarine-launched ballistic missile
• Nestor Makhno, Ukraine/Russia – tachanka
• Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov, Russia – Maksutov telescope
• Annie Malone, U.S. – Cosmetics for African American women
• Sergey Malyutin, Russia – designed the first matryoshka doll
• Al-Ma'mun, Iraq – singing bird automata, terrestrial globe
• Boris Mamyrin, Russia – reflectron
• George William Manby, UK – Fire extinguisher
• Joy Mangano, U.S. – household appliances
• Charles Mantoux, France – Mantoux test
• Guglielmo Marconi, Italy – radio telegraphy
• Gheorghe Marinescu, Romania – the first science films in the world in the neurology clinic in Bucharest
• Sylvester Marsh, U.S. – Marsh rack railway system
• Konosuke Matsushita, Japan – battery-powered Bicycle lighting
• Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Syria/Egypt/Turkey – steam turbine, six-cylinder 'Monobloc' suction pump, framed sextant
• John Landis Mason, U.S. – Mason jars
• Fujio Masuoka, Japan – Flash memory
• John W. Mauchly, U.S. – ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer
• Henry Maudslay, UK – screw-cutting lathe, bench micrometer
• Hiram Maxim, U.S. born, UK – First self-powered machine gun
• James Clerk Maxwell and Thomas Sutton, Scotland – color photography
• Stanley Mazor, U.S. – microprocessor
• John Loudon McAdam, Scotland – improved "macadam" road surface
• Elijah McCoy, Canada – Displacement lubricator
• Nicholas McKay Sr., U.S. – Lint roller
• James McLurkin, U.S. – Ant robotics
• Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Russia – probiotics
• Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès, France – margarine
• Mordecai Meirowitz, Roumania / Israel – Mastermind
• Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia – Periodic table, pycnometer, pyrocollodion
• Richard B. Merrill, American – Foveon X3 sensor
• George de Mestral, Switzerland – Velcro
• Robert Metcalfe, U.S. – Ethernet
• Antonio Meucci, Italy/U.S. – various early telephones, a hygrometer, a milk test
• Édouard Michelin, France – pneumatic tire
• Anthony Michell, Australia – tilting pad thrust bearing, crankless engine
• Artem Mikoyan, Armenia/Russia – MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21
• Alexander Mikulin, Russia – Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar Tank
• Mikhail Mil, Russia – Mi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 and Mil Mi-12
• David L. Mills, U.S. – Fuzzball router, Network Time Protocol
• Marvin Minsky, U.S. – Confocal microscopy
• Tokushichi Mishima, Japan – MKM magnetic steel
• Pavel Molchanov, Russia – Radiosonde
• Jules Montenier, U.S. – Anti-perspirant deodorant
• Montgolfier brothers and, France – hot air balloon
• John J. Montgomery, U.S. – heavier-than-air gliders
• Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol, Spain – steam powered submarine
• Robert Moog, U.S. – the Moog synthesizer
• John J. Mooney, together with Carl D. Keith, U.S. – three way catalytic converter
• Roland Moreno, France – inventor of the smart card
• Samuel Morey, U.S. – internal combustion engine
• Garrett A. Morgan, U.S. – inventor of the smoke hood
• Alexander Morozov, Russia – T-54/55, co-developer of T-34
• Walter Frederick Morrison, U.S. – Flying disc
• William Morrison , U.S. – Cotton candy machine
• Samuel Morse, U.S. – early Morse code, see also Morse Code controversy
• Sergei Ivanovich Mosin, Russia – Mosin–Nagant rifle
• Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich and his son Mikhail Ivanovich, Russia – Tsar Bell
• Vera Mukhina, Russia – welded sculpture
• Kary Mullis, U.S. – PCR
• Fe del Mundo, The Philippines – medical incubator made out of bamboo for use in rural communities without electrical power
• Colin Murdoch, New Zealand – Tranquillizer gun, disposable hypodermic syringe
• William Murdoch, Scotland – Gas lighting
• Jozef Murgas, Slovakia – inventor of the wireless telegraph
• Evgeny Murzin, Russia – ANS synthesizer
• Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, Al-Hasan, Iraq – mechanical trick devices, hurricane lamp, self-trimming and self-feeding lamp, gas mask, clamshell grab, fail-safe system, mechanical musical instrument, automatic flute player, programmable machine
• Elon Musk
• Pieter van Musschenbroek, Netherlands – Leyden jar, pyrometer
• Walton Musser, U.S. – Harmonic drive gear
• Eadweard Muybridge, UK – motion picture

  N

• Georgi Nadjakov, Bulgaria – :wikt:photoelectret
• Alexander Nadiradze, Georgia/Russia – first mobile ICBM, first reliable mobile ICBM
• Nagai Nagayoshi, Japan – Methamphetamine
• James Naismith, Canadian born, U.S. – invented basketball and American football helmet
• Yoshiro Nakamatsu, Japan – "PyonPyon" spring shoes, digital watch, CinemaScope, armchair "Cerebrex", sauce pump, taxicab meter
• Shuji Nakamura, Japan – Blue laser
• John Napier, Scotland – logarithms
• Andrey Nartov, Russia – first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge–boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sight
• James Nasmyth, Scotland – steam hammer
• Giulio Natta, together with Karl Ziegler, Italy/Germany – Ziegler–Natta catalyst
• William Neade, England – weapon combining a longbow and a pike
• Nebuchadrezzar II, Iraq – screw, screwpump
• Erwin Neher, together with Bert Sakmann, Germany – Patch clamp technique
• Ted Nelson, U.S. – Hypertext, Hypermedia
• Sergey Nepobedimiy, Russia – first supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm, other Soviet rocket weaponry
• Karl Nessler, Germany/U.S. – Permanent wave machine, artificial eyebrows
• Bernard de Neumann, United Kingdom – massively parallel self-configuring multi-processor
• John von Neumann, Hungary – Von Neumann computer architecture
• Isaac Newton, UK – reflecting telescope
• Miguel Nicolelis, Brazil – Brain-machine interfaces
• Joseph Nicephore Niépce, France – photography
• Nikolai Nikitin, Russia – prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure, Nikitin-Travush 4000 project
• Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Germany – Nipkow disk
• Jun-Ichi Nishizawa, Japan – Optical communication system, SIT/SITh, Laser diode, PIN diode
• Alfred Nobel, Sweden – dynamite
• Ludvig Nobel, Sweden/Russia – first successful oil tanker
• Emmy Noether, Germany, groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics; Noether's Theorem
• Jean-Antoine Nollet, France – Electroscope
• Wilhelm Normann, Germany – Hydrogenation of fats
• Carl Richard Nyberg, Sweden – the blowtorch

  O

• Aaron D. O'Connell, U.S. – first Quantum machine
• Joseph John O'Connell, U.S. – number of inventions relating to telephony and electrical engineering
• Theophil Wilgodt Odhner, Sweden/Russia – the Odhner Arithmometer, a mechanical calculator
• Paul Offit, United States, along with Fred Clark and Stanley Plotkin, invented a pentavalent Rotavirus vaccine
• Jarkko Oikarinen, Finland – Internet Relay Chat
• Katsuhiko Okamoto, Japan – Okamoto Cubes = modifications of Rubik's Cube
• Ransom Eli Olds, United States – Assembly line
• Lucien Olivier, Belgium or France / Russia – Russian salad
• Gerard K. O'Neill, U.S. – Storage ring
• J. Robert Oppenheimer, United States – Atomic bomb
• Hugh Orr, U.S. – machine for cleaning flax seed
• Hans Christian Ørsted, Denmark – electromagnetism, aluminium
• Elisha Otis, U.S. – safety system for elevators
• William Oughtred, UK – slide rule

  P

• Arogyaswami Paulraj, India/U.S. – MIMO
• Antonio Pacinotti, Italy – Pacinotti dynamo
• Larry Page, U.S. – with Sergey Brin invented Google web search engine
• William Painter, UK/U.S. – Crown cork, Bottle opener
• Salvatore Pais, Romania/U.S. – an electromagnetic field generator to deflect asteroids away from the Earth, an inertial mass reduction device, a room-temperature superconductor, a gravitational wave generator, and a compact fusion reactor
• Alexey Pajitnov, Russia/U.S. – Tetris
• Julio Palmaz, Argentina – balloon-expandable, stent
• Helge Palmcrantz, Sweden – the multi-barrel, lever-actuated, machine gun
• Daniel David Palmer, Canada – chiropractic
• Luigi Palmieri, Italy – seismometer
• Frank Pantridge, Ireland – Portable defibrillator
• Georgios Papanikolaou, Greece / U.S. – Papanicolaou stain, Pap test = Pap smear
• Philip M. Parker, U.S. – computer automated book authoring
• Thomas Parker, England – electric car
• Alexander Parkes, UK – celluloid
• Forrest Parry, U.S. – Magnetic stripe card
• Charles Algernon Parsons, British – steam turbine
• Spede Pasanen, Finland – ski jumping sling, boat ski
• Blaise Pascal, France – Pascal's calculator
• Gustaf Erik Pasch, Sweden – safety match
• Dimitar Paskov, Bulgaria – Galantamine
• C. Kumar N. Patel, India/U.S. – Carbon dioxide laser
• Les Paul, U.S. – multitrack recording
• Andreas Pavel, Brazil – audio devices
• Ivan Pavlov, Russia, – classical conditioning
• Floyd Paxton, U.S. – Bread clip
• John Pemberton, U.S. – Coca-Cola
• Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Croatia – mechanical pencil
• William Henry Perkin, United Kingdom – first synthetic organic chemical dye Mauveine
• Henry Perky, U.S. – shredded wheat
• Alfred Perot, together with Charles Fabry, France – Fabry–Pérot interferometer
• Stephen Perry, UK – rubber band
• Aurel Persu, Romania – first aerodynamic car, aluminum body with wheels included under the body, 1922
• Vladimir Petlyakov, Russia – heavy bomber
• Julius Richard Petri, Germany – Petri dish
• Peter Petroff, Bulgaria – digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments
• Fritz Pfleumer, Germany – magnetic tape
• Auguste Piccard, Switzerland – Bathyscaphe
• Gregory Goodwin Pincus, together with Min Chueh Chang, U.S./China – Combined oral contraceptive pill
• Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, Russia – early use of ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations
• Fyodor Pirotsky, Russia – electric tram
• Arthur Pitney, United States – postage meter
• Hippolyte Pixii, France – Pixii dynamo
• Joseph Plateau, Belgium – phenakistiscope
• Baltzar von Platen, Sweden – gas absorption refrigerator
• James Leonard Plimpton, U.S. – roller skates
• Ivan Plotnikov, Russia – kirza leather
• Roy Plunkett, United States – Teflon
• Petrache Poenaru, Romania – fountain pen
• Christopher Polhem, Sweden – Padlock
• Nikolai Polikarpov, Russia – Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik
• Eugene Polley, United States – wireless remote control
• Ivan Polzunov, Russia – first two-cylinder steam engine
• Mikhail Pomortsev, Russia – nephoscope
• Olivia Poole, U.S. – the Jolly Jumper baby harness
• Alexander Popov, Russia – radio pioneer, created a radio receiver that worked as a lightning detector
• Nikolay Popov, Russia – first fully gas turbine main battle tank
• Josef Popper , Austria- discovered the transmission of power by electricity.
• Aleksandr Porokhovschikov, Russia – Vezdekhod
• Ignazio Porro, Italy – Porro prism, strip camera
• Valdemar Poulsen, Denmark – magnetic wire recorder, arc converter
• Joseph Priestley, UK – soda water
• Robert Taylor Pritchett, UK – Pritchett bullet
• Alexander Procofieff de Seversky, Russia/United States of America – first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, ionocraft, also developed air-to-air refueling
• Alexander Prokhorov, Russia – co-inventor of laser and maser
• Petro Prokopovych, Russian Empire – early beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties
• Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, Russia/France – early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures
• Mark Publicover, U.S. – First affordable trampoline safety net enclosure
• George Pullman, U.S. – Pullman sleep wagon
• Michael I. Pupin, Serbia – pupinization, tunable oscillator
• Tivadar Puskás, Hungary – telephone exchange

  Q

• Calvin Quate, with Gerd Binnig, and with Christoph Gerber, U.S./Germany/Switzerland – Atomic force microscope
• Adolphe Quetelet, France/Belgium – Body mass index

  R

• Jacob Rabinow, U.S. – Magnetic particle clutch, various Phonograph-related patents
• John Goffe Rand, U.S. – Tube
• Robert Ransome, England – improvement to the plough
• Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi , Persia/Iran – distillation and extraction methods, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, soap kerosene, kerosene lamp, chemotherapy, sodium hydroxide
• Alec Reeves, UK – Pulse-code modulation
• Karl von Reichenbach, Germany – paraffin, creosote oil, phenol
• Tadeus Reichstein, Poland/Switzerland – Reichstein process
• Ira Remsen, U.S. – saccharin
• Ralf Reski, Germany – Moss bioreactor 1998
• Josef Ressel, Czechoslovakia – ship propeller
• William Reynolds, England – canal inclined plane
• Ri Sung-gi, North Korea – Vinylon
• Charles Francis Richter, U.S. – Richter magnitude scale
• Adolph Rickenbacker, Switzerland – Electric guitar
• Hyman George Rickover, U.S. – Nuclear submarine
• Niklaus Riggenbach, Switzerland – Riggenbach rack railway system, Counter-pressure brake
• Dennis Ritchie, U.S. – C
• Gilles de Roberval, France – Roberval balance
• John Roebuck UK – lead chamber process for sulfuric acid synthesis
• Francis Rogallo, U.S. – Rogallo wing
• Heinrich Rohrer, together with Gerd Binnig, Switzerland/Germany – Scanning tunneling microscope
• Peter I the Great, Tsar and Emperor of Russia, Russia – decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet
• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Germany – the X-ray machine
• Ida Rosenthal, Belarus/Russia/United States – Bra, the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra
• Sidney Rosenthal, U.S. – Magic Marker
• Eugene Roshal, Russia – FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver
• Boris Rosing, Russia – CRT television
• Guido van Rossum, The Netherlands – Python
• Subrata Roy , India, U.S. – Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle, Serpentine geometry plasma actuator, micro-scale actuators
• Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, France – Rozière balloon
• Ernő Rubik, Hungary – Rubik's Cube, Rubik's Magic and Rubik's Clock
• Ernst Ruska, Germany – electron microscope

  S

• Albert Bruce Sabin, U.S. – oral Polio vaccine
• Alexander Sablukov, Russia – centrifugal fan
• Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu, Turkey – illustrated surgical atlas
• Gilles Saint-Hilaire, Canada – Quasiturbine, Qurbine
• Andrei Sakharov, Russia – invented explosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developed the Tsar Bomb and tokamak
• Jonas Edward Salk, U.S. – injection Polio vaccine
• Robert Salmon, England – agricultural implements
• Franz San Galli, Poland/Russia – radiator, central heating
• Frederick Sanger, U.S. – Sanger sequencing
• Larry Sanger, together with Jimmy Wales, U.S. – Wikipedia
• Yoshiyuki Sankai, Japan – Robotic exoskeleton for motion support
• Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazil – non-rigid airship and airplane
• Arthur William Savage – radial tires, gun magazines, Savage Model 99 lever action rifle
• Thomas Savery, UK – steam engine
• Adolphe Sax, Belgium – saxophone
• Vincent Joseph Schaefer, U.S. – Cloud seeding by dry ice
• Bela Schick, Hungary – diphtheria test
• Wilhelm Schickard, Germany – mechanical calculator
• Hugo Schiff, Germany – Schiff test
• Pavel Schilling, Estonia/Russia – first electromagnetic telegraph, mine with an electric fuse
• Gilmore Schjeldahl, U.S. – Airsickness bag
• Hubert Schlafly, U.S. – Teleprompter = Autocue
• Wilhelm Schlenk, Germany – Schlenk flask
• Bernhard Schmidt, Estonia/Germany – Schmidt camera
• Friedrich Schmiedl, Austria – rocket mail
• Otto Schmitt, U.S. – Schmitt trigger
• Christian Schnabel, German – simplistic food cutleries
• Kees A. Schouhamer Immink, Netherlands – Major contributor to development of Compact Disc
• August Schrader, U.S. – Schrader valve for Pneumatic tire
• David Schwarz, Croatia, – rigid ship, later called Zeppelin
• Raymond Scott, U.S. – inventor and developer of electronic music technology
• Girolamo Segato, Italy – artificial petrifaction of human cadavers
• Marc Seguin, France – wire-cable suspension bridge
• Hanaoka Seishū, Japan – General anaesthetic
• Ted Selker, U.S. – Pointing stick
• Sennacherib, Iraq – screw pump
• Léon Serpollet, France – Flash boiler, Gardner-Serpollet steam car
• Iwan Serrurier, Netherlands/U.S. – inventor of the Moviola for film editing
• Mark Serrurier, U.S. – Serrurier truss for Optical telescopes
• Gerhard Sessler, Germany – foil electret microphone, silicon microphone
• Guy Severin, Russia – extra-vehicular activity supporting system
• Ed Seymour, U.S. – Aerosol paint
• Leonty Shamshurenkov, Russia – first self-propelling carriage, projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge
• Ibn al-Shatir, Syria – "jewel box" device which combined a compass with a universal sundial
• Bi Sheng , China – clay movable type printing
• Patsy O’Connell Sherman, U.S. — Scotchgard
• Murasaki Shikibu, Japan – psychological novel
• Pyotr Shilovsky, Russia/United Kingdom – gyrocar
• Masatoshi Shima, Japan – microprocessor
• Fathullah Shirazi, Mughal India – early volley gun
• Joseph Shivers, U.S. – Spandex
• William Bradford Shockley, U.S. – co-inventor of transistor
• Henry Shrapnel, UK – Shrapnel shell ammunition
• Vladimir Shukhov, Russia – thermal cracking, thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, oil pipeline, cylindric oil depot
• Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysia – cell growth in outer space, crystallization of proteins and microbes in space
• Augustus Siebe, Germany/UK – Inventor of the standard diving dress
• Sir William Siemens, Germany – regenerative furnace
• Werner von Siemens, Germany – electric elevator, Electromote, an early Dynamo
• Al-Sijzi, Persia/Iran – heliocentric astrolabe
• Igor Sikorsky, Russia/U.S. – first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft, first airliner and purpose-designed bomber, helicopter, Sikorsky-series helicopters
• Bernard Silver, together with Norman Joseph Woodland, U.S. – Barcode
• Kia Silverbrook, Australia – Memjet printer, world's most prolific inventor
• Vladimir Simonov, Russia – APS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistol
• Charles Simonyi, Hungary – Hungarian notation
• Ibn Sina , Persia/Iran – steam distillation, essential oil, pharmacopoeia, clinical pharmacology, clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, quarantine, cancer surgery, cancer therapy, pharmacotherapy, phytotherapy, Hindiba, Taxus baccata L, calcium channel blocker
• Isaac Singer, U.S. – sewing machine
• B. F. Skinner, U.S. – Operant conditioning chamber
• Nikolay Slavyanov, Russia – shielded metal arc welding
• Alexander Smakula, Ukraine/Russia/U.S. – anti-reflective coating
• Michael Smith, U.S. – Site-directed mutagenesis
• Oliver Smithies, together with Sir Martin John Evans, and Mario Ramberg Capecchi, U.S. – Knockout mouse, Gene targeting
• Yefim Smolin, Russia – table-glass
• Friedrich Soennecken, Germany – Ring binder, Hole punch
• Su Song, China – first chain drive
• Marin Soljačić, Croatia – Resonant inductive coupling
• Edwin Southern, U.S. – Southern blot
• Alfred P. Southwick, U.S. – Electric chair
• Igor Spassky, Russia – Sea Launch platform
• Percy Spencer, U.S. – microwave oven
• Elmer Ambrose Sperry, U.S. – gyroscope-guided automatic pilot
• Lyman Spitzer, U.S. – Stellarator
• Bhargav Sri Prakash, India/U.S. – Learnification platform at FriendsLearn, Virtual Reality System, electromagnetic collision avoidance system, OBD based in-vehicle powertrain performance measurement, rate based driver controls for drive by wire systems
• Ladislas Starevich, Russia/France – puppet animation, live-action/animated film
• Gary Starkweather, U.S. – laser printer, color management
• Boris Stechkin, Russia – co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Tsar Tank, developer of Soviet heat and aircraft engines
• George Stephenson, UK – steam railway
• Simon Stevin, Netherlands – land yacht
• Andreas Stihl, Switzerland/Germany – Electric chain saw
• Reverend Dr Robert Stirling, Scotland – Stirling engine
• Aurel Stodola, Slovakia – gas turbines
• Aleksandr Stoletov, Russia – first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect
• Levi Strauss, U.S. – blue jeans
• John Stringfellow, UK – aerial steam carriage
• Bjarne Stroustrup, Denmark – C++
• Almon Strowger, U.S. – automatic telephone exchange
• Emil Strub, Switzerland – Strub rack railway system
• Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi , Persia/Iran – timekeeping astrolabe, navigational astrolabe, surveying astrolabe
• René Núñez Suárez, El Salvador – "turbococina"
• Kyota Sugimoto, Japan – Japanese language typewriter
• Mutsuo Sugiura, Japan – Esophagogastroduodenoscope
• Pavel Sukhoi, Russia – Su-series fighter aircraft
• Simon Sunatori, Canada – inventor of MagneScribe and Magic Spicer
• Sushruta, Vedic India – inventor of Plastic Surgery, Cataract Surgery, Rhinoplasty
• Theodor Svedberg, Sweden – Analytical ultracentrifuge
• Joseph Swan, UK – Incandescent light bulb
• Robert Swanson, Canada – Invented and developed the first multi-chime air horn for use with diesel locomotives
• Remi Swierczek, Poland – Inventor of Music Identification System and the Mico Changer
• Andrei Sychra, Lithuania/Russia, Czech descent – Russian seven-string guitar
• Walter Sylvester, UK – the "Sylvester", for safely removing pit props
• Vladimir Syromyatnikov, Russia – Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms
• Simon Sze, Taiwan/U.S., together with Dawon Kahng, South Korea – Floating-gate MOSFET
• Leó Szilárd, Hungary/U.S. – Co-developed the atomic bomb, patented the nuclear reactor, catalyst of the Manhattan Project

  T

• Muhammad Salih Tahtawi, Mughal India – seamless globe and celestial globe
• Gyula Takátsy, Hungary – first Microtiter plate
• Esther Takeuchi – holds more than 150 US-patents, the largest number for any woman in the United States
• Igor Tamm, Russia – co-developer of tokamak
• Ching W. Tang, Hong Kong/U.S., together with Steven Van Slyke, U.S. – OLED
• Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi, Middle East – counterweight trebuchet, mangonel
• Gustav Tauschek, Austria – Drum memory
• Kenyon Taylor, U.S. – Flip-disc display
• Bernard Tellegen, Netherlands – pentode
• Edward Teller, Hungary – hydrogen bomb
• Eli Terry
• Nikola Tesla, Croatia/Serbia – induction motor, high-voltage / high-frequency power experiments, the transmission of electrical power
• Léon Theremin, Russia – theremin, interlace, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon, The Thing
• Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, France – Arithmometer
• Elihu Thomson, UK, U.S. – Prolific inventor, Arc lamp and many others
• William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, United Kingdom – Kelvin absolute temperature scale
• Eric Tigerstedt, Finland – Sound-on-film, triode vacuum tube
• Kalman Tihanyi, Hungary – co-inventor of cathode ray tube and iconoscope
• Mikhail Tikhonravov, Russia – co-developer of Sputnik 1 together with Korolyov and Keldysh, designer of further Sputniks
• Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov, Russia – feathering spectrograph
• Benjamin Chew Tilghman, U.S. – sandblasting
• Fedor Tokarev, Russia – TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle
• Ray Tomlinson, U.S. – First inter-computer email
• Evangelista Torricelli, Italy – barometer
• Alfred Traeger, Australia – Pedal radio
• Richard Trevithick, UK – high-pressure steam engine, first full-scale steam locomotive
• Franc Trkman, Slovenia – electrical switches, accessories for opening windows
• Hans Tropsch, together with Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, Germany – Fischer–Tropsch process
• Yuri Trutnev, Russia – co-developer of the Tsar Bomb
• Roger Y. Tsien, together with Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie, U.S. – Discovery and development of Green fluorescent protein
• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russia – spaceflight
• Mikhail Tsvet, Russia – chromatography
• Alexei Tupolev, Russia – the Tupolev Tu-144
• Andrei Tupolev, Russia – turboprop powered long-range airliner, turboprop strategic bomber
• Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī, Persia/Iran – observatory, Tusi-couple
• Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, Persia/Iran – linear astrolabe
• Ralph Hart Tweddell, England – portable hydraulic riveter

  U

• Shintaro Uda, together with Hidetsugu Yagi, Japan – Yagi-Uda antenna
• Lewis Urry, Canada – long-lasting alkaline battery
• Tomislav Uzelac, Croatia – first successful MP3 player, AMP

  V

• Ira Van Gieson, U.S. – Van Gieson's stain
• Theophilus Van Kannel, United States – revolving door
• Vladimir Veksler, Russia – synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron
• John Venn, UK – Venn diagram
• Auguste Victor Louis Verneuil, France – Verneuil process
• Pierre Vernier, France – Vernier scale
• Lucien Vidi, France – Barograph
• Edgar Villchur, U.S. – Acoustic suspension
• Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finland – AIV fodder
• Alessandro Volta, Italy – battery, see also Voltaic pile
• Bernard Vonnegut, together with Henry Chessin, and Richard E. Passarelli Jr., U.S. – Cloud seeding by silver iodide
• Ivan Vučetić, Croatia – Method of fingerprint classification

  W

• Ruth Graves Wakefield, U.S. – chocolate chip cookie
• Paul Walden, Latvia/Russia/Germany – Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate
• Jimmy Wales, together with Larry Sanger, U.S. – Wikipedia
• Madam C.J. Walker, U.S. – beauty and hair products for African American women
• Barnes Wallis, UK – bouncing bomb
• Frederick Walton, UK – Linoleum
• Maurice Ward, UK – Starlite
• Aldred Scott Warthin, together with Allen Chronister Starry, U.S. – Warthin–Starry stain
• Robert Watson-Watt, Scotland – microwave radar
• James Watt, Scotland – improved Steam engine
• Thomas Wedgwood, UK – first photograph
• Carl Auer von Welsbach, Austria – Gas mantle, ferrocerium
• Jonas Wenström, Sweden – three-phase electrical power
• George Westinghouse, U.S. – Air brake
• Charles Wheatstone, UK – concertina, stereoscope, microphone, Playfair cipher, pseudoscope, dynamo
• Richard T. Whitcomb, U.S. – Supercritical airfoil, Winglet
• Eli Whitney, U.S. – the cotton gin
• Frank Whittle, UK – co-inventor of the jet engine
• Otto Wichterle, Czechoslovakia – soft contact lens
• Margaret Wilcox – automobile heater
• Norman Wilkinson, UK – Dazzle camouflage
• Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, UK – Cloud chamber
• Paul Winchell, U.S. – the artificial heart
• Sergei Winogradsky, Russia / USSR – Winogradsky column for culturing microorganisms
• Niklaus Wirth, Switzerland – Pascal
• A. Baldwin Wood, U.S. – high volume pump
• Norman Joseph Woodland, together with Bernard Silver, U.S. – Barcode
• Granville Woods, U.S. – the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph
• Steve Wozniak, U.S. – Apple I & II computers, early Macintosh concepts, CL 9 CORE universal remote and other devices and applications.
• James Homer Wright, U.S. – Wright's stain
• Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur – U.S. – powered airplane
• Arthur Wynne, UK – creator of crossword puzzle

  X

• Yi Xing, China – Astronomical clock

  Y

• Pavel Yablochkov, Russia – Yablochkov candle
• Hidetsugu Yagi, together with Shintaro Uda, Japan – Yagi-Uda antenna
• Alexander Yakovlev, Russia – Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40
• Linus Yale Jr., U.S. – cylinder lock
• Linus Yale Sr., U.S. – pin tumbler lock
• Shunpei Yamazaki, Japan – patents in computer science and solid-state physics, see List of prolific inventors
• Gazi Yasargil, Turkey – Microneurosurgery
• Ryōichi Yazu, Japan – Yazu Arithmometer
• Gunpei Yokoi, Japan – Game Boy
• Arthur M. Young, U.S. – the Bell Helicopter
• Vladimir Yourkevitch, Russia/France/U.S. – ship hull design
• Tu Youyou, China – Artemisinin
• Sergei Yudin, Russia – cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations
• Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh – microcredit, microfinance
• Abu Yusuf Yaqub, Morocco/Spain – siege cannon
• Abraham Albert Yuzpe, U.S. – Yuzpe regimen

  Z

• Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi , Islamic Spain – catgut surgical suture, various surgical instruments and dental devices
• Frank Zamboni, U.S. – Ice resurfacer
• Giuseppe Zamboni, Italy – Zamboni pile
• Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof, Russia/Poland – Esperanto
• Walter Zapp, Latvia/Estonia/Germany – Minox
• Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī , Islamic Spain – almanac, equatorium, universal astrolabe
• Yevgeny Zavoisky, Russia – EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy
• Nikolay Zelinsky, Russia – the first effective filtering coal gas mask in the world
• Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Germany – Zeppelin
• Frits Zernike, The Netherlands – Phase contrast microscope
• Tang Zhongming, China – internal combustion engine powered by charcoal
• Jian Zhou, together with Ian Hector Frazer, China/U.S. – HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
• Nikolai Zhukovsky, Russia – an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank
• Karl Ziegler, together with Giulio Natta, Germany/Italy – Ziegler–Natta catalyst
• Franz Ziehl, together with Friedrich Neelsen, Germany – Ziehl–Neelsen stain
• Konrad Zuse, Germany – invented the first programmable general-purpose computer
• Vasily Zvyozdochkin, Russia – matryoshka doll
• Vladimir Zworykin, Russia/U.S. – Iconoscope, kinescope.