Stars and planetary systems in fiction


The planetary systems of stars other than the Sun and the Solar System are a staple element in many works of the science fiction genre.

Overview

The notion that there might be inhabited extrasolar planets can be traced at least as far back as Giordano Bruno who, in his De l'infinito, universo e mondi, declared that "There are then innumerable suns, and an infinite number of earths revolve around those suns, if not exactly as our own, and if not more nobly, at least no less inhabited and no less nobly." Allusions to inhabitants of other stars' planetary systems remained rare in literature for some centuries thereafter. One of these is found in Voltaire's Micromégas, which features a traveller from Sirius.
As science fiction became established in the early 20th century, destinations such as the Moon, Mars, Venus, and other bodies within the Solar System began to seem stale. Authors invoked a variety of mechanisms for superluminal travel and placed their stories on worlds in planetary systems around other stars, an innovation that gave them the freedom to construct exotic fictional planets and themes. This tendency became predominant once the exploration of the Solar System was complete enough to conclusively demonstrate the unlikelihood of any highly developed form of extraterrestrial life here, aside from humans on Earth.
Although some of the stars named in works of science fiction are purely imaginary, many authors and artists have preferred to use the names of real stars that are well known to astronomers, and indeed the lay public, either because they are notably bright in the sky or because they are relatively close to Earth.

Planetary romances

The multiple fictional genres that appear in the list below include films, television serials, interactive games, and print. Of all these, the print medium, specifically novels and novellas, are of note because they are often planetary romances.
Any science fiction tale whose primary venue is a planet and whose plot turns on the nature of the planet can be described as a planetary romance. It is not enough that the story simply be set on a world. For example, James Blish's A Case of Conscience is set on the planet Lithia, but it is not a planetary romance because the nature or description of this world has little bearing on the story being told. And in the hard science fiction novels by Hal Clement and Robert L. Forward, the worlds on which they are set amount to little more than the sum of the physical and logical problems that they illustrate, and that their protagonists solve. In the true planetary romance, the world itself encompasses—and survives—the tale that temporarily illuminates it.
One early practitioner of the planetary romance was Edgar Rice Burroughs, as for example in his Barsoom series. However, as with most writers of his era, his settings did not extend beyond the Solar System, and so his work is not found in this article.

General uses of star names

Planetary systems of real stars appearing in fiction are:

[36 Ophiuchi]

In 2011 three Super-Earths were confirmed in orbit around 82 Eridani.

Algenubi">Epsilon Leonis">Algenubi (Epsilon Leonis)

[Alpha Ceti] (Menkar or Menkab)

[Antares] (Alpha Scorpii)

[|Barnard's Star] is a red dwarf of apparent magnitude 9 and is thus too dim to be seen with the unaided eye. However, at approximately 6 light-years away it is the second-closest stellar system to the Sun; only the Alpha Centauri system is known to be closer. Thus, even though it is suspected to be a flare star, it has attracted the attention of science fiction authors, filmmakers, and game developers.
The 1968 science fiction novel Satan's World, by Poul Anderson, deals with the consequences of a rogue planet encountering Beta Crucis.
The 2002 science fiction novel Schild's Ladder, by Greg Egan in its prologue depicts the huge scientific lab located in outer space in 6 light months from Mimosa.

[Beta Draconis] (Rastaban)

[Canopus] (Alpha Carinae)

The Seer and the Silverman, a short story in the Xeelee Sequence by Stephen Baxter, is set in the Reef, a collection of abandoned spaceships near OB2#12.

CY Aquarii">SX Phoenicis variable#Examples">CY Aquarii


[Deneb] (Alpha Cygni)

Dorsum">Theta Capricorni">Dorsum (Theta Capricorni)


[Epsilon Canis Majoris]

This star appears as a physical character in the 2007 animated film, Nocturna, as the main character Tim's favourite star.

[Epsilon Eridani] (Ran)

[Epsilon Gruis]

[Gamma Andromedae] (Almach)

The Gliese stars in this list are red dwarfs, and they are among the closest stars to the Solar System. They were catalogued beginning in 1957 by the German astronomer Wilhelm Gliese. The stars listed below, despite their faint magnitudes, have attracted the attention of authors interested in fiction depicting the earliest stages of humanity's expansion into the galaxy. [|At least one] of the Gliese stars has been confirmed to possess multiple extrasolar planets as of 2013. Another star in the catalog, Gliese 581, has been the subject of controversy: In 2010 Steven S. Vogt and R. Paul Butler reported the existence of Gliese 581g, an earthlike planet in the star's habitable zone. Within months a group led by Michel Mayor published a paper refuting the validity of the claim. As of 2013 the issue is unresolved. A number of stars in this list that are listed under other names also possess Gliese designations; they may be found by searching on "Gliese".

[Gliese 581] (GJ 581, Wolf 562)

[Gliese 876] (Ross 780)

Item in this section refer to the star as Gliese 876. For references to Ross 780, see the [|separate section] in this article. As of 2013, it has been confirmed that four extrasolar planets orbit the star.
The star system was also featured in Cargo for Gliese 876 the story of mankind fighting for survival against an ant-based race called the Xyloids.

[Gliese 1061] (LHS 1565)

In Star Trek canon, the fourth planet orbiting Iota Geminorum is the homeworld of the Tribbles.

[Iota Horologii] (Gliese 108)

In ' and ', according to Star Trek: Star Charts, on the star chart labeled United Federation of Planets I, the Dopterians were from the Dopteria system. This system was located in the Alpha Quadrant.

[Kapteyn's Star]

Lalande 21185 is a red dwarf of apparent magnitude 7 and is thus too dim to be seen with the unaided eye. However, at approximately 8.3 light-years away it is the fifth-closest stellar system to the Sun; only the Alpha Centauri system, Barnard's Star, Luhman 16 and Wolf 359 are known to be closer. thus the star has attracted the attention of science fiction authors and game developers. A number of claims have been made for the discovery by astrometry of one or more extrasolar planets in the Lalande 21185 system, but these are now in doubt.
In Larry Niven's Known Space stories, Luyten's Star is Down's primary.
In Michael McCollum's Antares series, Luyten's Star is the destination of the first foldpoint transition from Sol.

Maia">Maia (star)">Maia (20 Tauri)

Mira is a binary star system that consists of a red giant losing mass to its partner, the high temperature white dwarf companion steadily accreting substance from the primary. Mira A, a variable star, would actually be a poor candidate for the home sun of any of the "habitable" planets described below, since its brightness fluctuates over the long run by a total factor of around 1700, with each individual cycle lasting about 300 days. In 2007, observations showed a protoplanetary disc around the companion, Mira B. This disc is being accreted from material in the solar wind from Mira and could eventually form new planets.
In ', according to Star Trek: Star Charts, on the star chart labeled United Federation of Planets I, Zaran''' was the name of a star in the Alpha Quadrant and it was the home of the Zaranites. The primary was a Class F star. Magnitude of this star was +5, which was the same brightness as Sol. This was a Federation system, with at least one planet being an affiliate.

[Mu Cassiopeiae]

drawn by Johannes Kepler. φ Oph is the topmost of 3 stars in Asclepius' left calf.
Pi Canis Majoris is an ongoing feature in the plot of the Netflix series Another Life starring Katee Sackhoff. Notably, it is pictured in episode 9 of season 1.

[Pistol Star] (V4647 Sgr)

, part of a triple star system with Alpha Centauri A and B, is the nearest-known star to the Solar System. Even though it is known to be a flare star, a disproportionate number of early fiction titles are dedicated to Proxima Centauri, as the destination of humanity's first interstellar voyage. A planet in Proxima Centauri's habitable zone was detected in Aug 2016, and a ringed super-earth in 2019, far further away.

[Rigel] (Beta Orionis)

Ross catalog of stars

The Ross stars in this list are red dwarfs, and they are among the closest stars to the Solar System. They were catalogued beginning in 1926 by the American astronomer Frank Elmore Ross, and some of them are still widely known by the catalog number he gave them. The stars listed below, despite their faint magnitudes, have attracted the attention of authors and game developers interested in fiction depicting the earliest stages of humanity's expansion into the galaxy. At least one of the Ross stars has been confirmed to possess multiple extrasolar planets as of 2013.

[Ross 128] (FI Virginis)

[Ross 780] (Gliese 876)

Item in this section refer to the star as Ross 780. For references to Gliese 876, see the separate section in this article. As of 2013, it has been confirmed that four extrasolar planets orbit the star.
Beta Lyrae is an eclipsing binary system in which mass is being transferred from the brighter primary to the more massive secondary star in a presumably spectacular accretion disc. Because of this, it has inspired the imaginations of artists and authors alike across the years; Chesley Bonestell, for example, painted a famously evocative, influential canvas depicting Beta Lyrae as it traces a vast fiery spiral across the black sky of some jagged airless world.
Referenced in the fictional short story "Three-legged Joe" by author Jack Vance as being orbited by 14 planets, the outermost of which was named Odfars and inhabited by a single alien for which the story is named.

[Sirius] (Alpha Canis Majoris)


[Tau Ceti]

[Tau Coronae Borealis]

In ', according to the Star Trek: Star Charts, on the star chart United Federation of Planets I, the Hupyrians were from the Hupyria''' system. Both the primary and the secondary were K-type stars. This system was located in the Alpha Quadrant.

[Tau Cygni]

Luyten 726–8 is a binary star system: The component Luyten 726-8A is a red dwarf star with the variable designation BL Ceti, and Luyten 726-8B is a red dwarf with the alternate designation UV Ceti. The latter is the prototype for the class of flare stars, and it goes through fairly extreme changes of brightness: For instance, in 1952, its brightness increased by 75 times in only 20 seconds. None of the items below pretend that UV Ceti is orbited by habitable worlds.

[Vega] (Alpha Lyrae)

[Wolf 359] (CN Leonis)

Wolf 359 is a red dwarf of apparent magnitude 13.5 and thus can only be seen with a large telescope. However, at approximately 7.8 light-years away it is the seventh-closest stellar system to the Sun; only the brown dwarfs WISE 0855−0714 and Luhmann 16, as well as Barnard's Star and the three components of the Alpha Centauri system are known to be closer. Thus, even though it is suspected to be a flare star, it has attracted the attention of science fiction authors, filmmakers, and game developers.