1913

Events

January

• January 1 - The British Board of Film Censors receives the authority to classify and censor films.
• January 5 - First Balkan War - Battle of Lemnos: Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war.
• January 12 - Bolshevik activist Josef Dzhugashvili first publishes an article, under the pseudonym Stalin, which he adopts hereafter. At this time he, Adolf Hitler and Josip Broz Tito are simultaneously resident in Vienna.
• January 13 - Edward Carson founds the Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing loyalist militias to resist home rule for Ireland.
• January 23 - 1913 Tasmanian state election: The Commonwealth Liberal Party candidate, Albert Solomon, is elected premier.
• January 23 - 1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Ismail Enver comes to power.
• January 30 - The British House of Lords rejects an Irish Home Rule Bill.

February

• February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station.
• February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes on all sources of income, not just some.
• February 9 - Mexican Revolution: "La Decena Trágica", the rebellion of some military chiefs against the President Francisco I. Madero, begins.
• February 13 - Thubten Gyatso, the 13th Dalai Lama, declares the independence of Tibet from Qing dynasty China.
• February 18 - Mexican Revolution: President Francisco I. Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez are forced to resign. Pedro Lascuráin serves as President for less than an hour, before General Victoriano Huerta, leader of the coup, takes office.
• February 22 - Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero and José María Pino Suárez are assassinated.
• February 23 - Joseph Stalin is arrested by the Russian secret police, the Okhrana, in Petrograd, and exiled to Siberia.

March

• March
• * The House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of its succession to the throne, amidst an outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia.
• * Following the assassination of his rival Song Jiaoren, Yuan Shikai uses military force to dissolve China's parliament, and rules as a dictator.
• c. March 1 - British steamship Calvados disappears in the Sea of Marmara, with 200 on board.
• March 3 - The Woman Suffrage Procession takes place in Washington, D.C. led by Inez Milholland on horseback.
• March 4
• * Woodrow Wilson is sworn in, as the 28th President of the United States.
• * The U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Labor are established, by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor. The Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries and U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey form part of the Department of Commerce.

• March 4-6 - First Balkan War - Battle of Bizani: Forces of the Kingdom of Greece capture the forts of Bizani from the Ottoman Empire.
• March 7 - British freighter Alum Chine, carrying 343 tons of dynamite, explodes in Baltimore harbour.
• March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
• March 13 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa returns to Mexico, from his self-imposed exile in the United States.
• March 17 - The Military Aviation Academy is founded in Uruguay, to become the Military Air Force on 4 December 1952.
• March 18 - George I of Greece is assassinated after 50 years on the throne; he is succeeded by his son Constantine.
• March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party, is wounded in an assassination attempt, and dies two days later.
• March 23 - Supporters of Phan Xích Long begin a revolt against colonial rule in French Indochina.
• March 25 - The Great Dayton Flood, after four days of rain in the Miami Valley, kills over 360 and destroys 20,000 homes.
• March 26
• * Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe, and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government, as head of the Constitutionals.
• * Balkan Wars: The Siege of Adrianople ends, when Bulgarian forces take Adrianople from the Ottomans.

April

• April - Bernhard Kellermann's novel Der Tunnel is published.
• April 5 - The United States Soccer Federation is formed.
• April 8 – The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, dictating the direct election of senators.
• April 10 - Albrecht Grocery Shop, as predecessor of Aldi, as known well for discount retail brand in Europe, founded in Essen, Germany.
• April 21 - Cunard ocean liner, built by John Brown & Company, is launched on the River Clyde.
• April 24 - The Woolworth Building opens in New York City. Designed by Cass Gilbert, it is the tallest building in the world on this date, and for more than a decade after.

  May

• May - South Africa's first flying school opens in Kimberley to train pilots for the South African Aviation Corps, to become the South African Air Force on 1 February 1920.
• May 3 - Raja Harishchandra, the first full-length Indian feature film, is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry.
• May 9-July 11 - A major industrial strike occurs in the Black Country of England, involving 25,000 workers, and threatening preparations for World War I in naval and steel industries. The workers demand 23 shillings minimum wage.
• May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• May 24-25 - Adolf Hitler moves from Vienna to Munich.
• May 24 - Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia marries Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover in Berlin, ending the decades-long rift between the Houses of Hohenzollern and Hanover and marking the last great gathering of European sovereigns.
• May 26 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a 4-engine fixed-wing aircraft.
• May 29 - The ballet The Rite of Spring is premiered by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris; its modernism provokes one of the most famous classical music riots in history. The audience includes Gabriele D'Annunzio, Coco Chanel, Marcel Duchamp, Harry Graf Kessler and Maurice Ravel.
• May 30 - First Balkan War: The Treaty of London is signed, ending the war. Greece is granted those parts of southern Epirus which it does not already control, and the independence of Albania is recognised.

June

• June 1 - The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.
• June 4 - Emily Davison, a British suffragette, runs out in front of the King's horse, Anmer, at The Derby. She is trampled and dies four days later in hospital, never having regained consciousness.
• June 8 - The Deutsches Stadion in Berlin is dedicated with the release of 10,000 pigeons, in front of an audience of 60,000 people. It had been constructed in anticipation of the 1916 Summer Olympics.
• June 11
• * Women's suffrage is enacted in Norway.
• * Battle of Bud Bagsak: Armed with guns and heavy artillery, U.S. and Philippine troops under General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing fight a four-day battle against 500 Moro rebels, who are armed mostly with kampilan swords. The rebels are killed in a final desperate charge on June 15.
• June 18 - The Arab Congress of 1913 opens, during which Arab nationalists meet to discuss desired reforms under the Ottoman Empire.
• June 19 - The Parliament of South Africa passes the Natives Land Act, limiting land ownership for blacks to black territories.
• June 13 - The predecessor of the Aldi store chain opens in Essen, Germany.
• June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
• June 29 - The Second Balkan War begins.

  July

• July 10
• * Romania declares war on Bulgaria.
• * Death Valley, California hits 134 °F, the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth.
• July 27 - The town of San Javier, Uruguay is founded by Russian settlers.

  August

• August 2 - The first known ascent of Mount Olympus in Greece is made by Swiss mountaineers Daniel Baud-Bovy and Frédéric Boissonnas guided by Christos Kakkalos.
• August 4 - Republic of China: The province of Chungking declares independence; Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks.
• August 10 - Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed, ending the war. Macedonia is divided, and Northern Epirus is assigned to Albania.
• August 13 - Harry Brearley invents stainless steel in Sheffield.
• August 20 - After his airplane fails at an altitude of, aviator Adolphe Pégoud becomes the first person to bail out from an airplane and land safely.
• August 23 - The Little Mermaid statue is finished in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• August 26 - Dublin Lock-out in Ireland: Members of James Larkin's Irish Transport and General Workers' Union employed by the Dublin United Tramways Company begin strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by its chairman.
• August 31 - Dublin Lock-out: "Bloody Sunday": The dispute escalates when the Dublin Metropolitan Police kill one demonstrator and injure 400, in dispersing a demonstration.

  September

• September 7-8 - The Fourth Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association takes place in Munich.
• September 9
• * In Germany, BASF starts the world's first plant for the production of fertilizer based on the Haber-Bosch process, feeding in modern times about a third of the world's population.
• * Imperial Russian Army pilot Pyotr Nesterov becomes the first person to loop an airplane, flying a Nieuport IV monoplane over Syretzk Aerodrome near Kiev, Russia.
• * Helgoland Island air disaster: The first fatalities aboard a German airship occur, when the Imperial German Navy Zeppelin dirigible LZ 14 is forced down into the North Sea off Heligoland during a thunderstorm, killing 16 of the 22 men on board.
• September 10 - Jean Sibelius's tone poem Luonnotar is premiered in Gloucester Cathedral, England, with soprano Aino Ackté.
• September 13 - The Bell of Chersonesos is returned by France to Russia after having been seized during the Crimean War.
• September 17 - In Chicago, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith is founded, with Sigmund Livingston as its first president.
• September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros crosses the Mediterranean in an airplane flying from Fréjus, France to Bizerte, Tunisia.
• September 29 - Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Constantinople is signed in Istanbul, between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

  October

• October 1 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a 3-day battle, when government troops retreat.
• October 7 - The Ford Motor Company's Highland Park Plant in Highland Park, Michigan, near Detroit, becomes the first automobile production facility in the world to implement the moving assembly line, significantly speeding up production of the Model T.
• October 9 - Canadian-owned ocean liner, carrying passengers and a chemical cargo from Rotterdam to New York City, catches fire in a North Atlantic gale; 136 die, but 521 are saved by ships summoned by SOS messages to the scene.
• October 10
• * U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
• * Yuan Shikai is elected President of the Republic of China.
• October 11 - The Philadelphia Athletics win the deciding game of the 1913 World Series, over baseball's New York Giants, winning 3–1 to take the series in five games.
• October 14 - Senghenydd colliery disaster: An explosion at the Universal Colliery, Senghenydd in South Wales kills 439 miners, the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom.
• October 16 - The British Royal Navy's is launched at Portsmouth Dockyard as the first oil-fired battleship.
• October 18 - The Monument to the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig, Germany is finished.
• October 19 - The DLRG is founded.
• October 26 - Victoriano Huerta elected president of Mexico.
• October 28-December 2 - Zabern Affair: Acts of aggression by the Prussian garrison at Zabern, Alsace-Lorraine provoke political debate across the German Empire.
• October 31 - The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.

  November

• November 5 - King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.
• November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested, while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
• November 7-11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 claims 19 ships, and more than 250 lives.

  December

• December 1
• * The Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes. Although Ford is not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one sparks an era of mass production.
• * Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
• *Buenos Aires Underground, the first in South America, opens.
• December 12 - Vincenzo Peruggia tries to sell the Mona Lisa in Florence, and is arrested.
• December 19 - The Raker Act is signed by President Woodrow Wilson, allowing the City of San Francisco to dam Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park.
• December 23 - The Federal Reserve System is created as the central banking system of the United States, by Woodrow Wilson's signature of the Federal Reserve Act.
• December 30 - Italy returns the Mona Lisa to France.

  Date unknown

• The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established in Bengal Province.
• French physicist Georges Sagnac shows that light propagates at a speed independent of the speed of its source.
• The Camel cigarettes are introduced by R. J. Reynolds in the United States.
• Prada is established as a leather goods dealer in Milan, by Mario Prada and his brother.
• Astra, as predecessor of AstraZeneca, a healthcare and pharmaceutical brand worldwide, founded in Sodertalje, Sweden.
• The value of world trade reaches roughly $38 billion.

  Births

January–February

• January 1 - Shek Kin, Hong Kong actor
• January 2 - Anna Lee, English-American actress
• January 4 - Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan head of state
• January 6
• * Edward Gierek, Polish politician
• * Loretta Young, American actress
• January 7 - Victor H. Krulak, United States Marine Corps general
• January 9
• * Eric Berry, British actor
• * Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States
• January 10
• * Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician
• * Mehmet Shehu, 23rd Prime Minister of Albania
• January 11
• * Karl Stegger, Danish actor
• * Jean Murrell Capers, American judge
• January 15
• * Eugène Brands, Dutch painter
• * Lloyd Bridges, American actor
• * Alexander Marinesko, Soviet naval officer
• January 17 - Everett Parker, American civil rights activist
• January 18 - George Unwin, British World War II fighter ace
• January 22
• * Henry Bauchau, Belgian novelist, poet and psychoanalyst
• * William Conway, Irish cardinal
• * Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher
• January 23
• * Jean-Michel Atlan, French painter
• * Wally Parks, American founder of the NHRA
• January 25
• * Huang Hua, Foreign Minister of China
• * Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer
• January 29
• * Victor Mature, American actor
• * Peter von Zahn, German journalist, writer
• February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor
• February 4
• *Frank P. Keller, American film editor
• *Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist
• *Richard Seaman, British motor racing driver
• February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist
• February 8 - Betty Field, American actress
• February 10
• * Douglas Slocombe, British cinematographer
• * Bill White, Australian rugby union player
• February 14
• * Mel Allen, American sports reporter
• * Woody Hayes, American college football coach
• * Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader
• February 19 - Frank Tashlin, American animation director
• February 20 - Tommy Henrich, American baseball player
• February 23 - P. C. Sorcar, Indian stage magician
• February 25
• * Jim Backus, American actor
• * Gert Fröbe, German actor
• February 26 - George Barker, British poet
• February 27
• * T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician
• * Paul Ricœur, French philosopher
• * Kazimierz Sabbat, leader of Polish government-in-exile
• * Irwin Shaw, American writer

  March–April

• March 1 - R. S. R. Fitter, British writer
• March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer
• March 4 - John Garfield, American actor
• March 12 - Loulie Jean Norman, American singer
• March 13
• * William J. Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director
• * Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer, lyricist
• March 15 - Rosita Contreras, Argentine actress
• March 18
• * René Clément, French film director
• * Reinhard Hardegen, German U-boat commander
• * Werner Mölders, German fighter pilot
• March 19 - Smoky Dawson, Australian singer
• March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver
• March 22 - Tom McCall, American politician and journalist
• March 26
• * Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician
• * Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
• March 28 - Toko Shinoda, Japanese painter
• March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet
• March 30
• * Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director
• * Frankie Laine, American singer
• * Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
• March 31 - Etta Baker, American musician
• April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway
• April 4
• * Cecil Gant, American blues singer, songwriter and pianist
• * Rosemary Lane, American singer
• * Frances Langford, American singer, actress
• * Muddy Waters, African-American musician
• April 7
• *Louise Currie, American actress
• *Florence S. Jacobsen, American Mormon leader
• *Charles Vanik, American politician
• April 8
• * Sourou-Migan Apithy, Beninese political figure, 2nd President of Dahomey
• * Benedict J. Semmes Jr., American admiral
• * Carlton Skinner, Governor of Guam
• April 9 - Aleksanteri Saarvala, Finnish artistic gymnast
• April 10 - Stefan Heym, German writer
• April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer
• April 11 - Winifred Drinkwater, Scottish aviator, first woman to hold a commercial pilot's license
• April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor
• April 16 - Les Tremayne, British-born American actor
• April 18 - Jack Pope, American judge, attorney, and author
• April 19
• * Lloyd Cardwell, American football player and coach
• * Karl Rawer, German physicist
• April 21 - Richard Beeching, chairman of British Rail
• April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor
• April 29 - Eugene Vielle, British Royal Air Force officer

  May–June

• May 1
• * Roy Matsumoto, American army officer
• * Louis Nye, American comedian, actor
• * Walter Susskind, Czech conductor
• May 4 - Hisaya Morishige, Japanese actor
• May 5 - Fred J. Doocy, American politician, banker
• May 6 - Stewart Granger, Anglo-American actor
• May 8
• * Bob Clampett, American director
• * Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet
• * Sid James, South African-born British actor, comedian
• * Charles Scorsese, American actor, father of Martin Scorsese
• May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist
• May 13
• * Liu Xuyi, Chinese historian
• * William Tolbert, President of Liberia
• May 16
• * Gheorghe Apostol, Romanian communist politician
• * Woody Herman, American musician, band leader
• * Paul R. Norby, American naval officer
• May 19 - Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Indian politician, 6th President of India
• May 20
• * Teodoro Fernández, Peruvian soccer player
• * William Hewlett, American businessman
• May 22 - Benedict Garmisa, American politician
• May 24
• * Peter Ellenshaw, American matte designer
• * James Flint, British Royal Air Force officer, businessman
• * Haldpr Topsøe, Danish engineer
• May 25 - Benjamin Melniker, American producer
• May 26
• * Peter Cushing, English actor
• * Pierre Daninos, French writer, humorist
• * Josef Manger, German weightlifter
• May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer
• May 31 - Peter Frankenfeld, German comedian, radio and television personality
• June 2 - Elsie Tu, English-born Hong Kong social activist
• June 3 - Yitzhak Berman, Israeli politician
• June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar
• June 10 - Benjamin Shapira, German-born Israeli biochemist, recipient of the Israel Prize
• June 11
• * Vince Lombardi, American football coach
• * Risë Stevens, American mezzo-soprano
• June 13
• * Ralph Edwards, American game show host
• * Yitzhak Pundak, Polish-born Israeli military officer, diplomat
• * Oswald Teichmüller, German mathematician
• June 18
• * Robert Mondavi, American winemaker
• * Sylvia Field Porter, American economist, journalist
• June 20 - Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish royal, Count of Barcelona
• June 21
• * Luis Taruc, Filipino political figure, insurgent
• * Madihe Pannaseeha Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk
• * Kid Azteca, Mexican boxer
• June 22 - Álvaro Alsogaray, Argentine politician and businessman
• June 23
• * Jacques Rabemananjara, Malagasy politician, playwright and poet
• * William P. Rogers, American diplomat
• June 24 - Gustaaf Deloor, Belgian road racing cyclist
• June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian
• June 26
• * Rudolf Brazda, German concentration camp prisoner
• * Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet, politician
• * Konrāds Kalējs, Latvian soldier
• * Anissa Rawda Najjar, Lebanese feminist, women's rights activist
• * Maurice Wilkes, British computer scientist
• June 27
• * Richard Pike Bissell, American author
• * Elton Britt, American country music singer-songwriter
• * Benvenuto Nunes, Brazilian olympic freestyle, backstroke swimmer
• June 28
• * Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
• * Maldwyn James, Welsh international rugby union player
• June 30
• * Henry Leask, British Army officer
• * Alfonso López Michelsen, 24th President of Colombia

  July

• July 1
• * Lee Guttero, American basketball player
• * Noel Miller, Australian cricketer
• * Frederick Malkus, American politician
• * André Tollet, French upholsterer, trade unionist and communist
• * Frank Barrett, American relief pitcher
• * Mario Acerbi, Italian football player
• * Joana Raspall i Juanola, Spanish writer and librarian
• * Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam, Indian Army Chief
• July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist
• July 4 - Barbara Weeks, American actress
• July 5
• * Elwood Cooke, American tennis player
• * Smiley Lewis, American New Orleans rhythm and blues singer, guitarist
• July 6 - Vance Trimble, American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, author
• July 7
• * Pinetop Perkins, American blues musician
• * Lu Ann Meredith, American actress
• July 8
• * Alejandra Soler, Spanish politician and schoolteacher
• * Bill Thompson, American voice actor
• July 9
• * Ted Grant, South African Trotskyist
• * William M. Zachacki,
• July 10
• * Elizabeth Inglis, English actress
• * Joan Marsh, American actress
• July 11 - Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ghanese nationalist leader, 2nd Prime Minister of Ghana
• July 12
• * Sultan Hamid II
• * Edith Nash, American educator, poet
• * Philip Mayer Kaiser, American diplomat
• * Rufus Rogers, New Zealand doctor, politician
• * Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 13
• * Kay Linaker, American actress
• * Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish shipping magnate
• July 14
• * Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States
• * René Llense, French football goalkeeper
• * Princess Urraca of Bourbon-Two Sicilies,
• July 15
• * Gene Wettstone, American gymnastics coach
• * Hammond Innes, English author
• * Abraham Sutzkever, Yiddish language poet, memoirist
• July 16
• * Mirza Babayev, Azerbaijani movie actor, singer
• * Herman Gundlach, American football offensive lineman
• * Antoine Raab, German footballer
• * Carmen Acevedo Vega, Ecuadorian poet, writer, and journalist
• July 17
• * Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
• * Bertrand Goldberg, American architect
• July 18
• * N. Krishnaswami Reddy, Indian lawyer
• * Du Runsheng, Chinese military officer, politician, and economist
• * Red Skelton, American comedian
• July 19
• * Fred Agnich, American politician
• * Manouchehr Sotodeh, Iranian geographer
• July 20
• * Irma Córdoba, Argentine actress
• * Guillermo Leaden, Argentine bishop
• July 22
• * Esteban Reyes, Mexican tennis player
• * Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader, songwriter
• * Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano
• July 23
• * Coral Browne, Australian actress
• * Michael Foot, British politician
• July 24 - Robert Emhardt, American actor
• July 26 - Kan Yuet-keung, Hong Kong banker, politician and lawyer
• July 28 - Hedley Kett, British naval officer
• July 29 - Erich Priebke, German war criminal, leader of the 1944 Ardeatine massacre
• July 30 - Lou Darvas, American artist, cartoonist

  August

• August 8
• * John Facenda, American sports announcer
• * Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator
• August 9 - Tadeusz Kotz, Polish World War II fighter ace
• August 10
• * Noah Beery Jr., American actor
• * Wolfgang Paul, German physicist
• August 13
• * Fred Davis, English snooker, billiards player
• * Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus
• August 16
• * Menachem Begin, 6th Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• * Helen F. Holt, American politician
• August 17
• * W. Mark Felt, American FBI Associate Director, Deep Throat Watergate informant
• * Rudy York, American baseball player
• August 18 - Nils Löfgren, Swedish chemist
• August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor
• August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• August 22 - James W. Downing, American naval officer and author
• August 25 - Don DeFore, American actor
• August 26 - Boris Pahor, Slovenian writer
• August 27 - Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg
• August 28
• * Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist
• * Richard Tucker, American tenor
• August 29 - Jan Ekier, Polish pianist, composer
• August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• August 31
• * Helen Levitt, American photographer
• * Bernard Lovell, British radio astronomer
• * Michael Gover, English actor

  September–October

• September 1 - Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter, graphic artist
• September 2
• * Alex Lovy, American animator
• * Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
• * Bill Shankly, Scottish football manager
• September 3 - Alan Ladd, American actor
• September 4
• * Mickey Cohen, American gangster
• * Boone Guyton, American test pilot
• * Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• * Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect
• September 6
• * Julie Gibson, American singer and actress
• September 10
• * Lincoln Gordon, American diplomat
• * Zephania Mothopeng, South African politician, activist
• September 11
• * Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach
• * Eugenia Rawls, American actress
• September 12
• * Jesse Owens, African-American athlete
• * Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrialist
• September 13
• * Roy Engel, American actor
• * Trần Đại Nghĩa, North Vietnamese army general
• September 14
• * Jacobo Árbenz, President of Guatemala
• * Annalisa Ericson, Swedish actress
• September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General, convicted Watergate criminal
• September 17
• * Robert Lembke, German television presenter, game show host
• * Ata Kandó, Hungarian-born Dutch photographer
• September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress
• September 22 - Lillian Chestney, American painter
• September 23 - Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish artist, member of the CoBrA movement
• September 24
• * Wilson Rawls, American author
• * Herb Jeffries, American actor, popular music and jazz singer
• September 25
• * Charles Helou, 9th President of Lebanon
• * Terence Patrick O'Sullivan, British civil engineer
• September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist, illustrator
• September 29
• * Trevor Howard, English actor
• * Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer
• * Silvio Piola, Italian footballer
• September 30
• * Bill Walsh, American movie producer, writer
• * Cecilia Caballero Blanco, First Lady of Colombia
• October 2 - Roma Mitchell, Australian lawyer, Governor of South Australia
• October 4 - Martial Célestin, 1st Prime Minister of Haiti
• October 10
• * Alice Chetwynd Ley, British romance writer
• * Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• October 11 - Joe Simon, American comic book artist, writer
• October 18 - Evelyn Venable, American actress
• October 19 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet, lyricist, and diplomat
• October 20 - Barney Phillips, American actor
• October 22
• * Boots Mallory, American actress, dancer, and model
• * Robert Capa, Hungarian-born American photojournalist
• * Tamara Desni, German-born British actress
• * Hans-Peter Tschudi, 2-time President of Switzerland
• October 24 - Tito Gobbi, Italian operatic baritone
• October 26 - Harry Kartz, British businessman
• October 27
• * Joe Medicine Crow, American tribal historian, anthropologist
• * Otto Wichterle, Czech inventor of the modern contact lens
• October 28
• * Douglas Seale, American actor
• * Don Lusk, American animator

  November

• November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor, best known for his role in Elmer Gantry
• November 3
• * Marika Rökk, Egyptian-born Austrian singer, dancer and actress
• * Antony Mitradas, Indian film director
• November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress, best known for her role in Gone With The Wind
• November 7
• * Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• * Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
• * Tahira Tahirova, Azerbaijani politician
• November 8 – Max Desfor, American photographer
• November 10
• * Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician
• * Sun Yun-suan, Chinese engineer, politician
• November 13
• * Landrum Bolling, American political scientist and academic administrator
• * Lon Nol, 2-Time Prime Minister of Cambodia
• * Alexander Scourby, American actor
• November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist
• November 16 - Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress
• November 18 - Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter
• November 21
• * John Boulting, English film director
• * Roy Boulting, English film director, producer
• November 22
• * Charles Berlitz, American author
• * Benjamin Britten, English composer
• * Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player, coach
• * Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice
• * Jacqueline Vaudecrane, French figure skater
• November 23 - William Krehm, Canadian author, journalist and political activist
• November 24 - Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress
• November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician, essayist

  December

• December 1 - Mary Martin, American actress
• December 2 - Jerry Sohl, American scriptwriter
• December 6
• * Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast
• * Eleanor Holm, American swimmer
• December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet
• December 9 - Cynthia Chalk, American photographer
• December 10
• * Morton Gould, American composer
• * Harry Locke, British character actor
• December 11 - Jean Marais, French actor
• December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general
• December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet
• December 16 - George Ignatieff, Canadian diplomat, recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace
• December 18
• * Lynn Bari, American actress
• * Alfred Bester, American author
• * Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
• December 23 - Frank Pierpoint Appleby, Canadian politician
• December 25
• * Candy Candido, American voice actor
• * Tony Martin, American singer and actor
• * Henri Nannen, German journalist, mass media owner
• December 26 - Frank Swift, English footballer
• December 28
• *Lou Jacobi, Canadian-American actor
• *Charles Maxwell, American actor
• December 29 - Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg
• December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author

  Date unknown

• Halil-Salim Jabara, Israeli Arab politician
• Bahjat Talhouni, 4-time Prime Minister of Jordan

  Deaths

January

• January 2
• * Hermann Kinkelin, Swiss mathematician and politician
• * Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist
• January 3 - Jeff Davis, American politician, 20th Governor of Arkansas
• January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal
• January 6 - Gyula Juhász, Hungarian sculptor
• January 8 - Xavier Mertz, Swiss explorer, mountaineer, and skier
• January 16
• * Tom Dolan, American baseball pitcher
• * Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, American aeronaut, scientist and inventor
• January 18 - George Alexander Gibson, Scottish physician
• January 20 - José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican political printmaker and engraver
• January 21 - Aluísio Azevedo, Brazilian novelist
• January 27 - Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria
• January 28
• * Julius Heinrich Franz, German astronomer
• * Segismundo Moret, Spanish politician and writer, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain

  February

• February 2 - Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and inventor
• February 4 - Sir Gordon Sprigg, British Prime Minister of the Cape Colony
• February 5
• * Yohan Kazimir Ernrot, 5th Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• * Lio Gangeri, Italian sculptor
• February 8 - Morten Eskesen, Danish author
• February 9 - Manuel Enrique Araujo, 23rd President of El Salvador
• February 15 - Florence Barker, American actress
• February 17 - Edward Stanley Gibbons, English philatelist, founder of Stanley Gibbons Ltd
• February 22
• *Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist and semiotician
• * Empress Dowager Longyu, Chinese empress
• * Francisco I. Madero, 33rd President of Mexico, assassinated
• February 23 - Dénes Andrássy, Hungarian nobleman
• February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer
• February 28 - George Finnegan, American Olympic boxer

  March

• March 7 - E. Pauline Johnson, Canadian writer
• March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist, humanitarian and spy
• March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military, medical leader
• March 12 - Francisco Pereira Passos, Brazilian engineer politician, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro
• March 13 - Felix Hidalgo, Filipino artist
• March 14 - Auguste Desgodins, French missionary
• March 17 - Soledad Acosta, Colombian journalist and writer
• March 18 - King George I of Greece
• March 19 - Géza Allaga, Hungarian composer
• March 21 - Manuel Bonilla, 2-time President of Honduras
• March 22
• *Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, Romanian lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Romania
• *Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary
• March 25 - Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, British field marshal
• March 31 - J. P. Morgan, American financier

  April

• April 7 - Carl von Lemcke, German mathematician
• April 8 - Gyula Kőnig, Hungarian mathematician
• April 15 - Kareemullah Shah, Indian Sufi scholar and saint
• April 18 - Lester Frank Ward, American botanist, paleontologist and sociologist
• April 19
• * Paul Janson, Belgian politician
• * Hugo Winckler, German archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire
• April 20 - Vilhelm Bissen, Danish sculptor
• April 24 - Vsevolod Abramovich, Russian aviator
• April 25
• * Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, Ukrainian author
• * Stjepan Kovačević, Croatian politician
• April 27 - Gabriel von Seidl, German architect
• April 28 - Andreas Flocken, German entrepreneur and inventor
• April 29 - Václav Hladík, Austro-Hungarian novelist

  May

• May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal
• May 2
• * Tancrède Auguste, Haitian general, 20th President of Haiti
• * Metropolitan Baselios Paulose I, Indian bishop
• May 6 - Elena Guro, Russian painter and writer
• May 8 - Louis Adolphus Duhring, American physician
• May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council
• May 19 - Gabriel Loppé, French painter and photographer
• May 25 - Alfred Redl, Austrian military intelligence officer, double agent
• May 27 - Catherine Amanda Coburn, American journalist, newspaper editor
• May 28 - John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, British politician and scientist

  June

• June 2 - Alfred Austin, English Poet Laureate
• June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born American brewer, baseball owner
• June 8 - Emily Davison, English suffragette
• June 22
• * Ștefan Octavian Iosif, Romanian poet
• * Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset, French pioneer
• June 23
• * Nicolás de Piérola, Peruvian politician, 2-time President of Peru
• * Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, English surgeon
• June 28 - Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, Brazilian lawyer, politician and 4th President of Brazil

  July

• July 1 - Emanuel M. Abrahams, American politician
• July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American Civil War naval hero
• July 5 - Prince Arisugawa Takehito
• July 7 - Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American Union Army officer, diplomat and politician
• July 10
• * Mikoláš Aleš, Austro-Hungarian painter
• * John Valentine Ellis, Canadian journalist
• July 11 - Charles Lavigne, Ceylonese Roman Catholic and Syro Malabar Catholic bishop and Servant of God
• July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General
• July 16 - Sigismund Bachrich, Hungarian composer
• July 17 - Esther Saville Allen, American author
• July 19 - Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer, politician and 15th President of Colombia
• July 20 - Vsevolod Rudnev, Russian admiral
• July 22 - Adhémar Esmein, French jurist
• * Eduardo López Rivas, Venezuelan editor and journalist
• July 29 - Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• July 30
• * Lady Alicia Blackwood, English painter
• * Warren F. Daniell, American politician, U.S. Representative from New Hampshire
• * Itō Sachio, Japanese poet and novelist

  August

• August 3
• * Josephine Cochrane, American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher
• * Joseph Graybill, American actress
• August 4 - Étienne Laspeyres, German economist
• August 7 - Samuel Franklin Cody, American-born British aviation pioneer
• August 9 - Wilhelm Albermann, German sculptor
• August 10
• * Johannes Linnankoski, Finnish author
• * Jules Desbrochers des Loges, French entomologist
• August 11
• * Vasily Avseenko, Russian journalist and writer
• * Natalie Zahle, Danish educator and women's rights activist
• August 13 - August Bebel, German Social Democratic politician
• August 20 - Émile Ollivier, 24th Prime Minister of France
• August 22 - Oscar de Négrier, French general
• August 28 - Fyodor Kamensky, Russian sculptor
• August 29 - Lars Havstad, Norwegian activist

  September

• September 1 - Patriarch and Metropolitan Lukijan Bogdanović
• September 4 - Henry Billings Brown, American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
• September 9 - Paul de Smet de Naeyer, 16th Prime Minister of Belgium
• September 13 - Arandzar, Armenian poet and writer
• September 16 - Julius Lewkowitsch, German engineer
• September 18 - Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky
• September 20 - Ferdinand Blumentritt, Filipino author
• September 27 - Alexandru Drăghici, Romanian communist activist and politician
• September 29 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor
• September 30
• * Princess Beatrice Bhadrayuvadi, Siamese princess
• * Antoni Klawiter, Polish Roman Catholic priest and venerable

  October

• October 4
• * Josep Tapiró Baró, Spanish painter
• * Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman
• * Eleanor Cripps Kennedy, Canadian businessman
• October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter
• October 7 - Ivan Banjavčić, Croatian politician and philanthropist
• October 10
• * Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal
• * Katsura Tarō, 6th Prime Minister of Japan
• October 12 - Elisabeth Leisinger, German soprano
• October 13 - Leonid Sobolev, 6th Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• October 16 - Ralph Rose, American Olympic athlete
• October 19 - Charles Tellier, French engineer, inventor of the chemical refrigerator
• October 20 - Viktor Kirpichov, Russian engineer and physicist
• October 21 - Theodor Kolde, German Protestant theologian
• October 23 - Edwin Klebs, Swiss-German pathologist, discoverer of Diphtheria bacterium
• October 29 - Darío de Regoyos, Spanish painter
• October 31 - Sir William Evans-Gordon, British diplomat and politician

  November

• November 3 - Sava Grujić, Serbian diplomat, general and politician, 5-time Prime Minister of Serbia
• November 4 - Fredericus Anna Jentink, Dutch zoologist
• November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist
• November 8 - Ferdinand Abell, American businessman
• November 16 - Sir George Barham, English businessman, founder of Express County Milk Supply Company
• November 21 - Francesco Acri, Italian philosopher
• November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 15th and last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan
• November 25 - Haviland Le Mesurier, Australian soldier
• November 28 - George B. Post, American architect

  December

• December 1
• * Juho Lallukka, Finnish businessman
• * Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet, short story writer
• December 5 - Ferdinand Dugué, French playwright
• December 7
• * Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman, last surviving cardinal of Pius IX
• * Aaron Montgomery Ward, American businessman, inventor of mail order
• December 8 - František Koláček, Austro-Hungarian physicist
• December 10 - Léon Letort, French aviator
• December 11
• * Abraham Hirsch, French architect
• * Carl von In der Maur, Governor of Liechtenstein
• * Ioan Kalinderu, Romanian jurist
• December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia
• December 13 - Birger Kildal, Norwegian businessman
• December 15 - Miguel Lebrija, Mexican aviator
• December 19 - Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople
• December 25 - Alberto Aguilera, Spanish politician
• December 26 - Ambrose Bierce, American writer, journalist
• December 27 - Infanta Antónia of Portugal
• December 30 - Giovanni Maria Boccardo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint

  Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
• Chemistry – Alfred Werner
• Medicine – Charles Richet
• Literature – Rabindranath Tagore
• Peace – Henri La Fontaine